Modified regional citrate anticoagulation is optimal for hemodialysis in patients at high risk of bleeding: a prospective randomized study of three anticoagulation strategies

Table 3 Secondary outcomes in two parts of the trial

Secondary and Safety Outcomes	Part one			Part two
Secondary and Safety Outcomes	RCA-one (n = 39)	RCA-two (n = 38)	P value	Saline (n = 31)	RCA-two (n = 33)	P value
Serious clotting scores (=3) (%)	20 (51.28)	5 (13.16)	< 0.001	15 (48.39)	6 (18.18)	0.016
Arterial expansion chamber (%)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	1.000	1 (3.23)	0 (0.00)	0.484
Dialyzer (%)	2 (5.13)	1 (2.63)	0.289	1 (3.23)	1 (3.03)	1.000
Venous expansion chamber (%)	18 (46.15)	4 (10.53)	< 0.001	13 (41.94)	6 (18.18)	0.038
Urea clearance
KT/V value, median (IQR) (%)	1.25 (1.01–1.65)	1.24 (1.11–1.42)	0.792	1.13 (0.79–1.41)	1.41 (1.27–1.48)	0.007
URR value, median (IQR), %	0.65 (0.62–0.75)	0.66 (0.61–0.71)	0.488	0.62 (0.51–0.70)	0.70 (0.66–0.71)	0.005
AEs	8 (20.51)	10 (26.31)	0.547	4 (12.90)	7 (21.21)	0.379
Dizzy, n (%)	0 (0.00)	1 (2.63)	0.494	0 (0.00)	1 (3.03)	1.000
Convulsions, n (%)	0 (0.00)	1 (2.63)	0.494	1 (3.23)	1 (3.03)	1.000
Hypoglycemia, n (%)	1 (2.56)	0 (0.00)	1.000	2 (6.45)	1 (3.03)	0.607
Hypotension, n (%)	4 (10.26)	6 (15.79)	0.517	1 (3.23)	2 (6.06)	1.000
Chest tightness, n (%)	3 (7.69)	1 (2.63)	0.615	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	1.000
Other, n (%)	0 (0.00)	1 (2.63)	0.494	0 (0.00)	2 (6.06)	0.493

Abbreviations: KT/V whole body urea clearance, URR urea clearance ratio, AEs Adverse events, IQR interquartile range, n patient. Serious clotting scores (=3) wsa defined as Volume of thrombus more than 2/3 of expansion chamber or Area of streaky Hemofilter more than 2/3 of total. Categorical variables were described as frequencies (n) or percentages (%) and analyzed with Pearson’s chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normal distribution of all continuous data. Parametric continuous parameters are expressed as mean ± standard deviation and analyzed with unpaired Student’s t-tests; nonparametric continuous parameters are expressed as medians (interquartile range, IQR) and analyzed with the Wilcoxon test

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