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Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics, comorbidities, mobility, pain, depression, and substance use

From: Social determinants of health associated with hemodialysis non-adherence and emergency department utilization: a pilot observational study

Characteristic

Cases

Controls

P-value

Female patients – n (%)

11 (44.0)

11 (45.8)

0.897

Age - mean years (SD)

53.68 (12.77)

55.42 (10.64)

0.7564

Hemodialysis vintage - n (%)

  

0.639

  < 1 year

4 (16.0)

5 (20.8)

 

 1–5 years

15 (60.0)

10 (41.7)

 

  > 5–10 years

4 (16.0)

6 (25.0)

 

  > 10 years

2 (8.0)

3 (12.5)

 

Ethnicity - n (%)

  

0.972

 African-American

24 (96.0)

23 (95.8)

 

 Caucasian

1 (4.0)

1 (4.2)

 

Comorbidities - n (%)

 Diabetes

8 (36.0)

8 (33.3)

0.844

 Hypertension

18 (72.0)

24 (100.0)

0.008

 Coronary artery disease

7 (28.0)

5 (20.1)

0.523

 Congestive heart failure

7 (28.0)

8 (33.3)

0.690

 Charlson Comorbidity Index - median (IQR)b

6 (4–8)

5 (3.5–7)

0.23

Degree of mobility - n (%)

 Fully mobile without assistance

8 (32)

20 (83)

< 0.001

 Reliant on cane

11 (44)

3 (12.5)

0.015

 Reliant on walker

8 (32)

1 (4.2)

0.012

 Reliant on wheelchair

2 (8)

0 (0)

0.157

 Health limitation score (KD-QOL) median (IQR)a,b

35 (10–85)

60 (45–95)

0.02

Degree of bodily pain in preceding weeks - n (%)

  

< 0.001

 None

3 (12)

10 (41.7)

 

 Very mild/mild

3 (12)

11 (45.8)

 

 Moderate

3 (12)

1 (4.2)

 

 Severe/very severe

16 (64)

2 (8.3)

 

PHQ-9 Depression score - n (%)

  

0.016

 None

7 (28)

17 (70.8)

 

 Mild

7 (28)

5 (20.8)

 

 Moderate

4 (16)

2 (8.3)

 

 Moderately Severe

5 (20)

0 (0)

 

 Severe

2 (8)

0 (0)

 

Alcohol and substance use

 Ever use illicit drugs

12 (48)

7 (29.2)

0.176

 Ever use alcohol

14 (56)

7 (29.2)

0.06

 In methadone/suboxone program

3 (12)

0 (0)

0.08

 Currently use alcohol

1 (4)

2 (8.3)

0.527

 Currently use illicit drugs

5 (20.8)

1 (4.2)

0.081

  1. alower scores signify greater limitations
  2. b25–75% interquartile range