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Table 1 Data are Mean ± 1SD for continuous variables and number of patients (% of group total) positive for each category

From: Definition of hourly urine output influences reported incidence and staging of acute kidney injury

Characteristic

Clinical setting

P-valuea

Mortality as in-patient in ICU only

CS n = 151

n (%)

ICU n = 150

n (%)

 

Unadjusted OR

(95% CI) P-value

Adjusted OR

(95% CI) P-value

Age, yr

68 ± 10

55 ± 17

<.001

1.04 (1.01–1.07)

0.002

1.03 (1.00–1.06)

<.001

Male

110 (73)

96 (64)

0.14

1.38 (0.60–3.17)

0.44

–

–

Smoking (ever)

80 (53)

63 (42)

0.057

0.62 (0.27–1.40)

0.24

–

–

CKD

38 (25)

8 (5)

<.001

1.19 (0.23–6.17)

0.83

–

–

Diabetes

38 (25)

34 (23)

0.03

2.0 (0.87–4.79)

0.10

1.48 (0.58–3.74)

0.22

CCF

36 (24)

5 (3)

<.001

2.45 (0.39–15.3)

0.33

–

–

Hypertension

88 (58)

35 (23)

<.001

1.31 (0.54–3.16)

0.55

–

–

Sepsis

2 (1)

41 (27)

<.001

0.99 (0.41–2.36)

0.99

–

–

Diuretic use

60 (39)

3 (2)

<.001

–

–

–

–

AKI diagnosis based on

 SCr alone

36 (24)

48 (32)

0.11

–

–

–

–

 Urine output cons

46 (31)

55 (37)

0.25

–

–

–

–

 Urine output mean

104 (69)

72 (48)

<.001

–

–

–

–

 bWald, F-pr for AKI (Model 1)

66.9, 2df < .001

15.1, <.001

–

–

–

–

–

 bWald, F-pr for AKI (Model 2)

67.3, 2df < .001

–

–

–

–

–

–

  1. aStatistical differences between groups of patients on admission to either cardiac surgery (CS) or intensive care unit (ICU) were assessed by Students t-test (age only) or chi-squared test for categorical data. bAssessment of the proportion of patients diagnosed as having AKI based on differing clinical criteria (SCr, UOcons, UOmean) were assessed by logistic regression fitting the outcome (AKI, yes/no) with a binomial error distribution. Wald statistic and F-probability are given after correction for any significant confounders (e.g. Model 1: age & diabetes, Model 2: age, diabetes & diuretic use). Model 2 not conducted for ICU patients as so few were on diuretics. Statistical significance was accepted at P < 0.05. SCr, serum creatinine; UO, urine output; urine output cons, output determined by volume produced in consecutive hours; urine output mean, output determined by average volume per hour. All data analyses were conducted using Genstat v17 (VSNi, UK). For mortality data in ICU, referent categories were coded as 0 = No-Diabetes or No-AKI