Low lung function and the risk of incident chronic kidney disease in the Malmö Preventive Project cohort

Table 4 Hazard ratios of incident CKD events by quartiles of FEV₁ in women (n = 7325)

		Q4 (reference)	Q3	Q2	Q1	P value for trend
		3.31(±0.33)	2.80(±0.08)	2.46(±0.11)	1.88(±0.33)
Number (n)	7325	2027	1629	1933	1736	–
Incident CKD: Main diagnosis (n = 165)	CKD events n (n per 1000 person-years)	29 (0.44)	36 (0.70)	51 (0.89)	49 (1.07)
	Unadjusted	1.00	1.64 (1.01–2.67)	2.26 (1.43–3.57)	3.15 (1.99–4.99)	< 0.001
	Adjusted^a	1.00	1.21 (0.73–2.01)	1.33 (0.80–2.20)	1.27 (0.73–2.22)	0.403
Incident CKD: Main or secondary diagnosis (n = 237)	CKD events n (n per 1000 person-years)	40 (0.61)	52 (1.01)	75 (1.32)	70 (1.54)
	Unadjusted	1.00	1.73 (1.14–2.61)	2.45 (1.67–3.60)	3.38 (2.29–4.99)	< 0.001
	Adjusted^a	1.00	1.22 (0.80–1.87)	1.31 (0.86–1.99)	1.22 (0.77–1.94)	0.442

^aAdjustments: Age, baseline eGFR, height, BMI, smoking status, cholesterol, history of CVD, history of diabetes, systolic BP, physical activity, social class, ESR (log transformed), BP medication, screening year
Incident CKD events: includes both inpatient hospitalisations and outpatient diagnosis. Main diagnosis = Primary diagnosis, Main or secondary diagnosis = Primary diagnosis or 1st-3rd secondary diagnosis