Characteristics | Overall | Men | Women | p | HTN | No HTN | P | DM | No DM | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | 420 (100) | 281 (66.9) | 139 (33.1) | 319(76.0) | 101 (24.0) | 168 (40.0) | 252 (60.0) | |||
Gender, men (%) | 281 (66.9) | 281 (100) | 0 (0) | 221 (69.3) | 60 (59.4) | 0.070 | 118 (70.2) | 163 (64.7) | 0.246 | |
Age, years (SD) | 53.8 (15.1) | 54.7 (14.6) | 52.1 (15.8) | 0.097 | 57.9 (11.2) | 41.1 (18.2) | < 0.0001 | 60.7 (8.2) | 49.3 (16.6) | < 0.0001 |
Weight, kg (SD) | 76.5 (16.3) | 78.4 (17.7) | 72.7 (12.5) | 0.003 | 79.6 (14.5) | 68.3 (18.1) | < 0.0001 | 78.1 (15.2) | 75.4 (17.0) | 0.206 |
SBP, mmHg (SD) | 159 (31) | 160 (30) | 157 (34) | 0.392 | 164 (30) | 140 (27) | < 0.0001 | 162 (29) | 157 (32) | 0.087 |
DBP, mmHg (SD) | 93 (18) | 93 (18) | 92 (18) | 0.668 | 94 (19) | 87 (16) | 0.0004 | 89 (16) | 96 (19) | 0.0002 |
Urea | 0.88 (0.56) | 0.84 (0.52) | 0.96 (0.62) | 0.064 | 0.90 (0.53) | 0.79 (0.61) | 0.084 | 0.92 (0.50) | 0.85 (0.60) | 0.192 |
Creatinin | 36.9 (27.4) | 36.7 (27.6) | 37.3 (27.2) | 0.831 | 39.2 (28.7) | 29.5 (21.2) | 0.0004 | 35.5 (23.8) | 37.9 (29.6) | 0.367 |
eGFR | 28.6 (17.0) | 30.9 (17.8) | 24.0 (14.2) | < 0.0001 | 26.9 (15.1) | 34.9 (21.4) | 0.001 | 27.8 (13.9) | 29.2 (18.9) | 0.387 |
Sodium | 138.7 (10.4) | 138.6 (10.6) | 139.1 (9.8) | 0.691 | 139.1 (11.4) | 137.6 (5.7) | 0.136 | 137.9 (14.8) | 139.3 (5.8) | 0.291 |
Potassium | 4.5 (0.9) | 4.5 (0.9) | 4.6 (0.9) | 0.355 | 4.6 (0.9) | 4.5 (0.8) | 0.586 | 4.7 (0.8) | 4.4 (0.9) | 0.002 |
Chrorine | 103.8 (12.0) | 103.8 (11.5) | 103.8 (13.2) | 0.970 | 104.2 (10.2) | 102.5 (16.6) | 0.426 | 102.8 (12.7) | 104.4 (11.6) | 0.250 |
Haemoglobin | 10.7 (2.6) | 11.0 (2.6) | 10.0 (2.4) | 0.0006 | 10.9 (2.5) | 10.0 (2.7) | 0.006 | 10.5 (2.1) | 10.8 (2.8) | 0.239 |
VGM | 82.3 (11.9) | 83.7 (7.5) | 79.5 (17.3) | 0.058 | 83.0 (10.2) | 80.4 (14.5) | 0.223 | 83.5 (9.9) | 81.5 (13.0) | 0.215 |
TCMH | 28.3 (7.1) | 27.9 (3.0) | 29.0 (11.6) | 0.461 | 27.8 (2.7) | 29.5 (12.5) | 0.311 | 27.7 (2.4) | 28.6 (8.7) | 0.317 |
Calcemia | 88.5 (10.2) | 88.6 (10.1) | 88.3 (10.5) | 0.865 | 88.6 (10.6) | 87.9 (8.4) | 0.553 | 89.0 (9.3) | 88.1 (10.9) | 0.443 |
Phosphate | 46.8 (21.7) | 46.7 (23.8) | 47.0 (16.6) | 0.913 | 47.8 (23.0) | 42.1 (13.9) | 0.043 | 45.0 (17.0) | 48.1 (24.6) | 0.291 |
Uric acid | 86.2 (25.8) | 86.5 (25.5) | 85.2 (26.7) | 0.700 | 87.3 (26.3) | 80.2 (22.1) | 0.097 | 82.5 (23.2) | 89.2 (27.5) | 0.028 |
Albumin | 33.3 (13.7) | 33.1 (14.5) | 33.6 (12.6) | 0.854 | 36.9 (14.5) | 26.7 (9.2) | < 0.0001 | 34.9 (15.2) | 32.4 (12.9) | 0.345 |
Total cholesterol | 2.3 (1.1) | 2.2 (1.2) | 2.4 (1.0) | 0.264 | 2.1 (0.8) | 2.8 (1.7) | 0.002 | 2.1 (0.9) | 2.3 (1.3) | 0.322 |
HDL cholesterol | 0.54 (0.37) | 0.53 (0.36) | 0.56 (0.40) | 0.642 | 0.54 (0.39) | 0.53 (0.27) | 0.767 | 0.52 (0.32) | 0.55 (0.41) | 0.116 |
LDL cholesterol | 1.4 (0.7) | 1.4 (0.7) | 1.4 (0.6) | 0.653 | 1.4 (0.6) | 1.5 (1.1) | 0.653 | 1.1 (0.6) | 1.4 (0.7) | 0.556 |
Triglycerides | 1.3 (0.9) | 1.1 (0.7) | 1.6 (1.1) | 0.002 | 1.2 (0.7) | 1.6 (1.4) | 0.052 | 1.2 (0.7) | 1.3 (1.0) | 0.307 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 168 (40.0) | 118 (42.0) | 50 (36.0) | 0.236 | 147 (46.1) | 21 (20.8) | < 0.0001 | 168 (100) | 0 (0) | < 0.0001 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 319 (75.9) | 221 (78.6) | 98 (70.5) | 0.066 | 319 (100) | 0 (0) | < 0.0001 | 147 (87.5) | 172 (68.2) | < 0.0001 |
Smoking, n (%) | 24/395 (6.1) | 21/262 (8.0) | 3/133 (2.3) | 0.025 | 19/297 (6.4) | 5/98 (5.1) | 0.809 | 8/155 (5.2) | 16/240 (6.7) | 0.668 |
Alcohol, n (%) | 129/388 (33.2) | 110/258 (42.6) | 19/130 (14.6) | < 0.0001 | 106/293 (36.2) | 23/95 (24.2) | 0.033 | 44/152 (28.9) | 85/236 (36.0) | 0.153 |
Sedentarity | 163/358 (45.5) | 95/240 (39.6) | 68/118 (57.6) | 0.001 | 134/269 (49.8) | 29/89 (32.6) | 0.005 | 69/140 (49.3) | 94/218 (43.1) | 0.277 |
HIV infection, n (%) | 20/411 (4.9) | 7/274 (2.5) | 13/137 (9.5) | 0.009 | 4/311 (1.3) | 16/100 (16.0) | < 0.0001 | 3/165 (1.8) | 17/246 (6.9) | 0.043 |
Gout, n (%) | 28/411 (6.8) | 25/275 (9.1) | 3/136 (2.2) | 0.011 | 27/313 (8.6) | 1/98 (1.0) | 0.005 | 10/166 (6.0) | 18/245 (7.3) | 0.692 |
Stage CKD (n = 403) | 0.040 | 0.002 | 0.013 | |||||||
1 | 3 (0.7) | 3 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (2.3) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.3) | |||
2 | 17 (4.2) | 13 (4.8) | 4 (3.0) | 7 (2.2) | 10 (11.4) | 2 (1.2) | 15 (6.4) | |||
3 | 151 (37.5) | 111 (41.1) | 40 (30.1) | 116 (36.8) | 35 (39.8) | 70 (41.9) | 81 (34.3) | |||
4 | 124 (30.8) | 80 (29.6) | 44 (33.1) | 104 (33.0) | 20 (22.7) | 54 (32.3) | 70 (29.7) | |||
5 | 108 (26.8) | 63 (23.3) | 45 (33.8) | 87 (27.6) | 21 (23.9) | 41 (24.5) | 67 (28.4) | |||
Treatments | ||||||||||
ACE inhibitors | 314 (74.8) | 123 (75.8) | 101 (72.7) | 0.551 | 263 (82.4) | 51 (50.5) | < 0.0001 | 137 (81.5) | 177 (70.2) | 0.011 |
Loop diuretics | 130 (30.9) | 86 (30.6) | 44 (31.6) | 0.823 | 86 (27.0) | 44 (43.6) | 0.002 | 56 (33.3) | 74 (29.4) | 0.391 |
Calcium channels blockers | 198 (47.1) | 125 (44.5) | 73 (52.5) | 0.146 | 185 (58.0) | 13 (12.9) | < 0.0001 | 81 (48.2) | 117 (46.4) | 0.765 |
Thiazide diuretic | 206 (49.0) | 142 (50.5) | 64 (46.0) | 0.408 | 177 (55.5) | 29 (28.7) | < 0.0001 | 91 (54.2) | 115 (45.6) | 0.091 |
Antialdosterone | 17 (4.0) | 12 (4.3) | 5 (3.6) | > 0.999 | 4 (1.2) | 13 (12.9) | < 0.0001 | 4 (2.4) | 13 (5.2) | 0.208 |
ARB | 17 (4.0) | 10 (3.6) | 7 (5.0) | 0.445 | 14 (4.3) | 3 (3.0) | 0.773 | 11 (6.5) | 6 (2.4) | 0.043 |
Beta blockers | 54 (12.9) | 36 (12.8) | 18 (12.9) | > 0.999 | 48 (15.0) | 6 (5.9) | 0.017 | 17 (10.1) | 37 (14.7) | 0.184 |
Central agent | 20 (4.8) | 14 (5.0) | 6 (4.2) | > 0.999 | 20 (6.3) | 0 (0) | 0.006 | 9 (5.4) | 11 (4.4) | 0.647 |
Biguanide | 6 (1.4) | 4 (1.4) | 2 (1.4) | > 0.999 | 6 (1.9) | 0 (0) | 0.343 | 6 (3.6) | 0 (0) | 0.004 |
Sulphonamides | 57 (13.6) | 41 (14.6) | 16 (11.5) | 0.450 | 50 (15.7) | 7 (6.9) | 0.029 | 57 (33.9) | 0 (0) | < 0.0001 |
Glinides | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) | > 0.999 | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | > 0.999 | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 0.400 |
Insulin | 34 (8.1) | 22 (7.8) | 12 (8.6) | 0.850 | 28 (8.8) | 6 (5.9) | 0.411 | 34 (20.2) | 0 (0) | < 0.0001 |