Characteristics | AKI | Non-AKI | P value |
---|---|---|---|
n = 24,833 (7.0%) | n = 332,157 (93.0%) | ||
Age (year), median (IQR) | 76 (67–83) | 70 (60–80) | < 0.001 |
Male | 12,605 (50.8) | 136,949 (41.2) | < 0.001 |
Race/ethnicity | < 0.001 | ||
Non-Hispanic white | 17,375 (72.3) | 237,741 (74.0) | |
Non-Hispanic black | 2848 (11.9) | 34,030(10.6) | |
Hispanic | 2593 (10.8) | 35,333(11.0) | |
Others | 1217 (5.1) | 14,034 (4.5) | |
Primary health insurance | < 0.001 | ||
Medicare | 20,089 (81.4) | 233,472 (70.3) | |
Medicaid | 1817 (7.4) | 36,878 (11.1) | |
Private | 1682 (6.8) | 38,944 (11.7) | |
Others | 1093 (4.4) | 22,698 (6.9) | |
Median household income quartile | < 0.001 | ||
1 (lowest) | 7216 (29.7) | 103,211 (31.9) | |
2 | 6230 (25.6) | 89,605 (27.7) | |
3 | 5931 (24.4) | 76,312 (23.6) | |
4 (highest) | 4927 (20.3) | 54,794 (16.9) | |
Patient residence | < 0.001 | ||
Metropolitan | 22,529 (90.8) | 288,858 (87.0) | |
Non-metropolitan | 2304 (9.2) | 43,299 (13.0) | |
Selected comorbiditiesa | |||
Congestive heart failure | 11,326 (45.6) | 78,120 (23.5) | < 0.001 |
Depression | 3348 (13.5) | 52,482 (15.8) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes | 10,415 (41.9) | 93,904 (28.3) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 20,125 (81.0) | 219,396 (66.1) | < 0.001 |
Obesity | 5048 (20.3) | 50,795 (15.3) | < 0.001 |
Peripheral artery disease | 2967 (11.9) | 24,961 (7.5%) | < 0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease | 13,481 (54.3) | 34,518 (10.4) | < 0.001 |
Hospital length-of-stay | < 0.001 | ||
< 3 days | 3599 (14.5) | 97,877 (29.5) | |
3–4 days | 7223 (29.1) | 117,624 (35.4) | |
5–6 days | 5407 (21.8) | 60,523 (18.2) | |
≥ 7 days | 8604 (34.6) | 56,133 (16.9) | |
Hospital state | < 0.001 | ||
Arkansas | 1695 (6.8) | 15,644 (4.7) | |
California | 4561 (18.4) | 63,913 (19.2) | |
Florida | 10,295 (41.5) | 135,717 (40.9) | |
Iowa | 764 (3.1) | 11,825 (3.6) | |
Nebraska | 536 (2.2) | 7252 (2.2) | |
New York | 6667 (26.8) | 93,863 (28.3) | |
Utah | 315 (1.3) | 3943 (1.2) |