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Table 2 Characteristics of the participants

From: The association between reduced kidney function and hearing loss: a cross-sectional study

Variables

Overall (n = 12,508)

Hearing loss (n = 2946)

No hearing loss (n = 9562)

P value

Age (years)

60.5 ± 9.6

64.8 ± 10.1

59.1 ± 9.1

< 0.001

Gender

   

0.832

 Male

5889 (47.1)

1382 (46.9)

4507 (47.1)

 

 Female

6619 (52.9)

1564 (53.1)

5055 (52.9)

 

Education

   

< 0.001

 Illiterate

3851 (30.8)

1249 (42.4)

2602 (27.3)

 

 Literate

947 (7.6)

237 (8.0)

710 (7.4)

 

 Primary

3232 (25.9)

788 (26.8)

2444 (25.6)

 

 Middle

3016 (24.1)

500 (17.0)

2516 (26.4)

 

 High and above

1449 (11.6)

172 (5.8)

1277 (13.4)

 

Rural

10,191 (81.7)

2523 (85.7)

7668 (80.4)

< 0.001

Smoking

   

< 0.001

 Never

7388 (59.1)

1702 (57.8)

5686 (59.5)

 

 Current

3475 (27.8)

768 (26.1)

2707 (28.3)

 

 Past

1638 (13.1)

474 (16.1)

1164 (12.2)

 

Drinking

   

< 0.001

 Never

6717 (53.8)

1611 (54.8)

5106 (53.5)

 

 Current

4381 (35.1)

912 (31.0)

3469 (36.3)

 

 Past

1392 (11.1)

419 (14.2)

973 (10.2)

 

BMI (kg/m2)

   

< 0.001

  < 18.5

702 (5.6)

233 (7.9)

469 (4.9)

 

 18.5–24.9

7137 (57.1)

1730 (58.7)

5407 (56.6)

 

 25.0–29.9

3717 (29.7)

758 (25.7)

2959 (31.0)

 

  ≥ 30.0

688 (5.5)

155 (5.3)

533 (5.6)

 

Central Obesity

3307 (26.4)

753 (25.6)

2554 (26.7)

0.383

Hypertension

5584 (44.7)

1543 (52.5)

4041 (42.3)

< 0.001

Diabetes

2286 (18.3)

638 (21.7)

1648 (17.3)

< 0.001

Stroke

329 (2.6)

116 (3.9)

213 (2.2)

< 0.001

HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)

51.2 ± 11.6

51.4 ± 12.1

51.2 ± 11.5

0.424

LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)

102.5 ± 29.0

101.8 ± 29.2

102.7 ± 29.0

0.152

SBP (mmHg)

128.7 ± 20.0

131.2 ± 21.1

128.0 ± 19.6

< 0.001

DBP (mmHg)

75.8 ± 11.7

75.2 ± 11.5

75.9 ± 11.7

0.006

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

90.1 ± 16.4

86.0 ± 17.1

91.3 ± 16.0

< 0.001

eGFR groups (mL/min/1.73 m2)

   

< 0.001

  ≥ 90

7498 (60.0)

1456 (49.4)

6042 (63.2)

 

 60–89

4315 (34.5)

1241 (42.1)

3074 (32.2)

 

  < 60

695 (5.6)

249 (8.5)

446 (4.7)

 
  1. Note: Data are expressed as number (%) or mean ± SD, unless otherwise indicated
  2. †Number (%) of missing data points: 13 (0.10%) in education, 30 (0.24%) in area of residence, 7 (0.06%) in smoking, 18 (0.14%) in drinking, 264 (2.11%) in BMI, 443 (3.54%) in central obesity, 25 (0.20%) in hypertension, 38 (0.30%) in diabetes, 146 (1.17%) in stroke, 1 (0.00%) in LDL cholesterol, 259 (2.07%) in SBP, 259 (2.07%) in DBP
  3. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate