Table 1 Baseline Characteristics
From: The association between serum chloride levels and chronic kidney disease progression: a cohort study
Variable | Quartile 1 N = 115 | Quartile 2 N = 167 | Quartile 3 N = 135 | Quartile 4 N = 174 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chloride range (mEq/L) | [89–102) | [102–105) | [105–107) | [107–114] | |
Age (years) | 72.0 (17.29) | 75.2 (21.99) | 73.4 (18.93) | 73.2 (16.96) | 0.75 |
Race | |||||
White | 93 (81) | 129 (77) | 104 (77) | 130 (75) | 0.25 |
Black | 13 (12) | 26 (16) | 19 (14) | 26 (15) | 0.66 |
Hispanic | 1 (1) | 2 (1) | 1 (1) | 10 (6) | 0.006 |
Other | 1 (1) | 5 (3) | 3 (2) | 3 (2) | 0.89 |
Unknown | 6 (5) | 5 (3) | 8 (6) | 5 (3) | 0.58 |
Smoking | |||||
Current smoker | 6 (5) | 9 (5) | 6 (4) | 13 (7) | 0.44 |
Former smoker | 48 (42) | 77 (46) | 69 (51) | 74 (43) | 0.87 |
Non-smoker | 52 (45) | 76 (46) | 55 (41) | 74 (43) | 0.50 |
Unknown | 9 (8) | 5 (3) | 5 (4) | 13 (7) | 0.73 |
Insurance | |||||
Medicare | 87 (76) | 121 (72) | 95 (70) | 121 (70) | 0.25 |
Private | 25 (22) | 38 (23) | 35 (26) | 41 (24) | 0.63 |
Medicaid/Self | 3 (3) | 8 (5) | 5 (4) | 12 (7) | 0.13 |
Female | 46 (40) | 63 (38) | 44 (33) | 70 (40) | 0.95 |
Uses ACEi/ARB | 74 (64) | 98 (59) | 87 (64) | 125 (72) | 0.06 |
Uses diuretics | 83 (72) | 103 (62) | 68 (50) | 91 (52) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes | 68 (59) | 86 (52) | 76 (56) | 85 (49) | 0.17 |
Hypertension | 104 (90) | 149 (89) | 125 (93) | 164 (94) | 0.12 |
CHF | 24 (21) | 50 (30) | 30 (22) | 26 (15) | 0.039 |
eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 38.87 (18.4) | 34.86 (16.81) | 35.91 (19.17) | 31.78 (20.22) | < 0.001 |
ACR, mg/g | 123 (412.61) | 137.02 (454.04) | 134.53 (492) | 232.2 (691.51) | 0.009 |
Bicarbonate, mEq/L | 26 (5.5) | 26 (5) | 24 (4) | 23 (6) | < 0.001 |
Phosphate, mg/dL | 3.6 (0.8) | 3.6 (0.8) | 3.6 (0.7) | 3.7 (0.7) | 0.52 |
Albumin, g/dL | 4.2 (0.5) | 4.1 (0.4) | 4.1 (0.4) | 4.0 (0.4) | < 0.001 |
Calcium, mg/dL | 9.5 (0.7) | 9.3 (0.6) | 9.3 (0.7) | 9.2 (0.6) | < 0.001 |