Table 1 Demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors of the total study population
Variables | Totala (n = 297,603) |
|---|---|
Demographics | |
Age | 75.0 ± 6.7 |
Gender | |
Female | 144,260 (48.5) |
Male | 153,343 (51.5) |
Marital status | |
Married/cohabiting | 219,615 (73.8) |
Widowed/divorced/separated | 62,041 (20.9) |
Never married | 14,277 (4.8) |
Missing value | 1670 (0.5) |
BMIb | |
Underweight | 11,484 (3.9) |
Normal | 137,246 (46.1) |
Overweight | 93,162 (31.3) |
Obese | 53,068 (17.8) |
Missing value | 2643 (0.9) |
Socioeconomic factors | |
Educational attainment | |
With high school diploma or higher degree | 148,298 (49.8) |
Without high school diploma | 141,261 (47.5) |
Missing value | 8044 (2.7) |
Income level | |
Not poor | 284,808 (95.7) |
Poor | 12,795 (4.3) |
Lifestyle factors | |
Exercise habit | |
No | 33,021 (11.1) |
Occasional | 93,125 (31.3) |
Regular | 147,554 (49.6) |
Missing value | 23,903 (8.0) |
Alcohol drinking | |
No | 290,524 (97.6) |
Yes | 6052 (2.0) |
Missing value | 1027 (0.4) |
Current smoking | |
No | 276,610 (93.0) |
Yes | 20,047 (6.7) |
Missing value | 946 (0.3) |
Betel nut chewing | |
No | 294,898 (99.1) |
Yes | 1041 (0.4) |
Missing value | 1664 (0.5) |
Blood and urine variables | |
Fasting glucose | 104.7 ± 24.4 |
Total cholesterol | 194.4 ± 35.2 |
Triglyceride | 120.7 ± 72.9 |
HDL | 54.6 ± 14.9 |
Uric acid | 5.9 ± 1.6 |
BUN | 17.6 ± 5.8 |
Creatinine | 1.0 ± 0.4 |
Proteinuria | 24,165 (8.1) |
Comorbidityc | |
Hypertension | 129,492 (43.5) |
Diabetes | 52,186 (17.5) |
Dyslipidemia | 197,373 (66.3) |
Hyperuricemia/gout | 59,201 (19.9) |
Urinary tract stones | 6464 (2.2) |
Cardiovascular disease | 61,895 (20.8) |
Cancer | 1558 (0.5) |