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Table 2 Demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors of participants with decreased or normal eGFR

From: Association between lifestyle factors and decreased kidney function in older adults: a community-based cross-sectional analysis of the Taipei City elderly health examination database

Variables

eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2)

Reduced (<  60)

n = 88,219

Normal (≥ 60)

n = 209,384

p-value

Demographics

 Age

77.7 ± 6.7

73.9 ± 6.3

< 0.001

Gender

  

< 0.001

 Female

35,035 (39.7)

109,225 (52.2)

 

 Male

53,184 (60.3)

100,159 (47.8)

 

Marital status

  

< 0.001

 Married/cohabiting

62,820 (71.2)

156,795 (74.9)

 

 Widowed/divorced/separated

19,878 (22.5)

42,163 (20.1)

 

 Never married

4812 (5.5)

9465 (4.5)

 

 Missing value

709 (0.8)

961 (0.5)

 

BMI a

  

< 0.001

 Underweight

2762 (3.1)

8722 (4.1)

 

 Normal

36,575 (41.5)

100,671 (48.1)

 

 Overweight

29,309 (33.2)

63,853 (30.5)

 

 Obese

18,568 (21.1)

34,500 (16.5)

 

 Missing value

1005 (1.1)

1638 (0.8)

 

Socioeconomic factors

 Educational attainment

  

< 0.001

  With high school diploma or higher degree

43,684 (49.5)

104,614 (50.0)

 

  Without high school diploma

41,575 (47.1)

99,686 (47.6)

 

  Missing value

2960 (3.4)

5084 (2.4)

 

 Income level

  

< 0.001

  Not poor

83,260 (94.4)

201,548 (96.3)

 

  Poor

4959 (5.6)

7836 (3.7)

 

Lifestyle factors

 Exercise habit

  

< 0.001

  No

12,212 (13.8)

20,809 (9.9)

 

  Occasional

28,282 (32.1)

64,843 (31.0)

 

  Regular

41,105 (46.6)

106,449 (50.8)

 

  Missing value

6620 (7.5)

17,283 (8.3)

 

 Alcohol drinking

  

0.1268

  No

86,177 (97.7)

204,347 (97.6)

 

  Yes

1727 (2.0)

4325 (2.1)

 

  Missing value

315 (0.3)

712 (0.3)

 

 Current smoking

  

< 0.001

  No

81,224 (92.1)

195,386 (93.3)

 

  Yes

6709 (7.6)

13,338 (6.4)

 

  Missing value

286 (0.3)

660 (0.2)

 

 Betel nut chewing

  

0.0236

  No

87,470 (99.2)

207,428 (99.1)

 

  Yes

270 (0.3)

771 (0.4)

 

  Missing value

448 (0.5)

1185 (0.5)

 

Blood and urine variables

 Fasting glucose

106.9 ± 27.6

103.8 ± 22.9

< 0.001

 Total cholesterol

191.9 ± 36.1

195.4 ± 34.8

< 0.001

 Triglyceride

130.8 ± 77.9

116.5 ± 70.3

< 0.001

 HDL

52.0 ± 14.6

55.7 ± 14.8

< 0.001

 Uric acid

6.6 ± 1.7

5.6 ± 1.4

< 0.001

 BUN

21.3 ± 7.7

16.0 ± 3.9

< 0.001

 Creatinine

1.3 ± 0.5

0.9 ± 0.2

< 0.001

 Proteinuria

13,758 (15.6)

10,407 (5.0)

< 0.001

Comorbidity

 Hypertension

47,553 (53.9)

81,939 (39.1)

< 0.001

 Diabetes

19,802 (22.5)

32,384 (15.5)

< 0.001

 Dyslipidemia

60,389 (68.5)

136,984 (65.4)

< 0.001

 Hyperuricemia/gout

32,220 (36.5)

26,981 (12.9)

< 0.001

 Urinary tract stones

1887 (2.1)

4577 (2.2)

0.4224

 Cardiovascular disease

24,101 (27.3)

37,794 (18.1)

< 0.001

 Cancer

478 (0.5)

1080 (0.5)

0.3688

  1. Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation or number of participants (% of variables)
  2. a Underweight: BMI < 18.5; Normal: 8.5 ≤ BMI < 24; Overweight: 24 ≤ BMI < 27; Obese: BMI ≥ 27
  3. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index; eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate