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Table 1 Descriptive Statistics for Class Indicators, Covariates, and Outcome (N = 2118)

From: Childhood socioeconomic status, comorbidity of chronic kidney disease risk factors, and kidney function among adults in the midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study

Variables

MIDUS 2 (n = 1255)

MIDUS R (n = 863)

Overall (N = 2118

p-value a

Risk Factors

 Elevated blood pressure (Systolic/diastolic ≥140/90 or diagnosed by physician; %)

52.7

48.6

51.0

ns

 Insulin resistance (HbA1c ≥ 6.5% or blood fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL or diagnosed by physician; %)

20.1

17.4

19.0

ns

 Obese (BMI ≥ 30 Kg/m2; %)

41.2

45.2

42.8

ns

 Abdominally Obese (waist circumference ≥ 88 cm for women and ≥ 102 cm for men; %)

55.6

54.7

55.2

ns

 Hypercholesterolemic (total serum cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL or diagnosed by physician; %)

60.1

55.6

58.3

< .05

 Elevated IL6 (%)

32.2

24.8

29.2

< .01

 Elevated CRP (%)

31.2

24.7

28.5

< .001

Sociodemographic Correlates

Childhood SES

 Parental education less than HS/GED (%)

42.2

24.2

34.9

< .001

 Family of origin received welfare (%)

2.9

4.4

3.5

< .05

 Low subjective financial status (%)

27.4

33.6

29.9

< .001

 Mean total score of childhood SES (SD; min-max)

3.80 (1.43; 0–6)

4.08 (1.46; 0–6)

3.91 (1.45; 0–6)

< .001

Covariates

 Female (%)

56.8

52.1

54.9

< .05

 Mean age (SD; min-max)

54.5 (11.7; 34–84)

50.8 (13.4; 25–76)

53.0 (12.6; 25–84)

< .001

 Non-Hispanic White (%)

77.2

68.6

73.7

< .001

 Education less than HS/GED (%)

27.9

17.3

23.6

< .001

 Mean total score adult SES (SD; min-max)

4.73 (2.28; 0–8)

4.39 (2.38; 0–8)

4.59 (2.33; 0–8)

< .01

Kidney Function (M,SD, range, %)

 Mean eGFR (SD, min-max)

90.4 (19.6; 3.7–150.7)

92.4 (18.5; 20.4–139.5)

91.2 (19.2; 3–7-150.7)

< .05

 eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2

5.6

4.3

5.1

< .05

 eGFR 60–89 ml/min/1.73 m2

42.6

37.5

40.6

 

 eGFR ≥90 ml/min/1.73 m2

50.9

56.9

53.4

 
  1. Note: MIDUS 2 = MIDUS wave 2, MIDUS R = MIDUS Refresher; M = mean, SD = standard deviation; a = p-values from difference tests between MIDUS 2 and MIDUS R