Table 2 Summary of studies on ethnic differences in CKD progression
Comparison group (number of studies) | Country of study | Number of studies | Studies | Study design | Finding | Summary findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
African-American/Afro-Caribbean (AA) vs Caucasian (n = 36) | US | 29 | Agarwal et al., 2008 | Prospective cohort study | Higher risk for AA | 24 studies reported higher risk for AA, 12 studies found no significant differences |
Alves et al., 2010 | Retrospective cohort study | Higher risk for AA | ||||
Babayev et al., 2013 | Prospective cohort study | Higher risk for AA | ||||
Chen et al., 2018 | Commentary | Higher risk for AA | ||||
Choi et al., 2009 | Prospective cohort study | Higher risk for AA | ||||
Crews et al., 2014 | Literature review | Higher risk for AA | ||||
Crews et al., 2018 | Prospective cohort study | Higher risk for AA | ||||
Derose et al., 2013 | Retrospective cohort study | Higher risk for AA | ||||
Fischer et al., 2016 | Prospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||||
Grams et al., 2017 | Prospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||||
Go et al., 2018 | Retrospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||||
Hall et al., 2010 | Prospective cohort study | Higher risk for AA | ||||
Harding et al., 2017 | Literature review | Higher risk for AA | ||||
Hebert et al., 1997 | Randomized clinical trial | Similar risk | ||||
Horowitz et al., 2015 | Literature review | Higher risk for AA | ||||
Hsu et al., 2003 | Birth cohort analysis | Higher risk for AA | ||||
Hsu et al., 2005 | Prospective cohort study | Higher risk for AA | ||||
Hunsicker et al., 1997 | Randomized prospective trial | Higher risk for AA | ||||
Jawadi et al., 2018 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | Higher risk for AA | ||||
Jolly et al., 2014 | Prospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||||
Jones-Burton et al., 2005 | Prospective cohort study | Higher risk for AA | ||||
Kovesdy et al., 2009 | Prospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||||
Lewis et al., 2015 | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study | Higher risk for AA | ||||
Lucas et al., 2008 | Prospective cohort study | Higher risk for AA | ||||
Menon et al., 2008 | Retrospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||||
Norris et al., 2008 | Commentary/review | Higher risk for AA | ||||
Parsa et al., 2013 | Prospective cohort study | Higher risk for AA | ||||
Salifu et al., 2009 | Prospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||||
Yang et al., 2014 | Prospective cohort study | Higher risk for AA | ||||
Canada | 1 | Barbour et al., 2010 | Systematic review | Similar risk | ||
UK | 5 | Ali et al., 2013 | Prospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||
Dreyer et al., 2013 | Retrospective cohort study | Higher risk for AA | ||||
Earle et al., 2001 | Retrospective case-note review | Similar risk | ||||
Hull et al., 2011 | Cross-sectional study | Similar risk | ||||
Mathur et al., 2018 | Prospective cohort study with nested case-control study | Higher risk for AA | ||||
Norway | 1 | Van den Beukel et al., 2013 | Prospective cohort study | Higher risk for AA | ||
South Asian (SA) (n = 12) | US | 4 | Hall et al., 2010 | Prospective cohort study | Higher risk for SA | 6 studies reported similar risk for SA compared to Caucasians, 6 reported higher risk for SA |
Derose et al., 2013 | Retrospective cohort study | Higher risk for SA | ||||
Lewis et al., 2015 | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study | Similar risk | ||||
Jawadi et al., 2018 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | Similar risk | ||||
Canada | 1 | Barbour et al., 2010 | Prospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||
UK | 7 | Ali et al., 2013 | Prospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||
Dreyer et al., 2013 | Retrospective cohort study | Higher risk for SA | ||||
Earle et al., 2001 | Retrospective case-note review | Higher risk for SA | ||||
Hull et al., 2011 | Cross-sectional study | Higher risk for SA | ||||
Koppiker et al., 1998 | Retrospective case review | Similar risk | ||||
Mathur et al., 2018 | Prospective cohort study with nested case-control study | Higher risk for SA | ||||
Pallayova et al., 2015 | Prospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||||
East Asian (EA) (n = 4) | US | 3 | Hall et al., 2010 | Prospective cohort study | Higher risk for EA | 3 studies reported higher risk for EA, 1 reported no significant differences |
Derose et al., 2013 | Retrospective cohort study | Higher risk for EA | ||||
Lewis et al., 2015 | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study | Similar risk | ||||
Canada | 1 | Barbour et al., 2010 | Prospective cohort study | Higher risk for EA | ||
Asian - Pacific Islander (PI) (n = 4) | US | 4 | Derose et al., 2013 | Retrospective cohort study | Higher risk for PI | 2 studies reported higher risk for PI, 2 reported no significant differences |
Go et al., 2018 | Retrospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||||
Hall et al., 2010 | Prospective cohort study | Higher risk for PI | ||||
Lewis et al., 2015 | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study | Similar risk | ||||
Hispanic (n = 7) | US | 6 | Derose et al., 2013 | Retrospective cohort study | Higher risk for Hispanics | 6 studies reported higher risk for Hispanics, 1 reported similar risk |
Fischer et al., 2016 | Prospective cohort study | Higher risk for Hispanics | ||||
Hall et al., 2010 | Prospective cohort study | Higher risk for Hispanics | ||||
Horowitz et al., 2015 | Literature review | Higher risk for Hispanics | ||||
Lewis et al., 2015 | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study | Higher risk for Hispanics | ||||
Peralta et al., 2006 | Prospective cohort study | Higher risk for Hispanics | ||||
Canada | 1 | Barbour et al., 2010 | Systematic review | Similar risk | ||
Native American (n = 2) | US | 2 | Go et al., 2018 | Retrospective cohort study | Similar risk |  |
Lewis et al., 2015 | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study | Similar risk | 2 studies reported similar risk | |||
Indigenous populations (n = 2) | Australia | 1 | Cass et al., 2004 | Discussion paper | Higher risk for indigenous populations | Both studies reported higher risk |
Canada | 1 | Samuel et al., 2014 | Prospective cohort study | Higher risk for indigenous populations |