Table 3 Summary of studies on ethnic differences in mortality for individuals with CKD
Comparison group (number of studies) | Country of study | Number of studies | Studies | Study design | Finding | Summary findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
African-American/Afro-Caribbean (AA) vs Caucasian (n = 27) | US | 24 | Agarwal et al., 2008 | Prospective cohort study | Similar risk | 5 studies reported higher risk for AA, 4 studies reported lower risk, 18 studies found no significant differences |
Alves et al., 2010 | Retrospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||||
Babayev et al., 2013 | Prospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||||
Cardarelli et al., 2008 | Prospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||||
Choi et al., 2009 | Prospective cohort study | Higher risk for AA | ||||
Derose et al., 2013 | Retrospective cohort study | Lower risk for AA | ||||
Fedewa et al., 2014 | Prospective cohort study | Higher risk for AA | ||||
Fischer et al., 2016 | Prospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||||
Grams et al., 2017 | Prospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||||
Hall et al., 2010 | Prospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||||
Hayes et al., 2012 | Prospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||||
Jolly et al., 2011 | Retrospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||||
Jolly et al., 2014 | Prospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||||
Kovesdy et al., 2009 | Prospective cohort study | Lower risk for AA | ||||
Kovesdy et al., 2013 | Historical cohort | Lower risk for AA | ||||
Mehrotra et al., 2008 | Prospective cohort study | Higher risk for AA | ||||
Menon et al., 2008 | Retrospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||||
Navaneethan et al., 2011 | Retrospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||||
Newsome et al., 2006 | Retrospective cohort study | Lower risk for AA | ||||
Norris et al., 2008 | Commentary/review | Higher risk for AA | ||||
Parsa et al., 2013 | Prospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||||
Weiner et al., 2004 | Retrospective cohort study | Higher risk for AA | ||||
Wetmore et al., 2011 | Prospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||||
Yang et al., 2014 | Prospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||||
UK | 3 | Ali et al., 2013 | Prospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||
Hutchison et al., 2014 | Prospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||||
Mathur et al., 2018 | Prospective cohort study with nested case-control study | Similar risk | ||||
South Asian (SA) (n = 8) | US | 3 | Derose et al., 2013 | Retrospective cohort study | Lower risk for SA | 6 studies reported lower risk for SA compared to Caucasians, 2 reported no significant differences |
Hall et al., 2010 | Prospective cohort study | Lower risk for SA | ||||
Jolly et al., 2011 | Retrospective cohort study | Lower risk for SA | ||||
Canada | 2 | Barbour et al., 2010 | Prospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||
Conley et al., 2012 | Prospective cohort study | Lower risk for SA | ||||
UK | 3 | Ali et al., 2013 | Prospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||
Hutchison et al., 2014 | Prospective cohort study | Lower risk for SA | ||||
Mathur et al., 2018 | Prospective cohort study with nested case-control study | Lower risk for SA | ||||
East Asian (EA) (n = 5) | US | 3 | Derose et al., 2013 | Retrospective cohort study | Lower risk for EA | All studies reported lower risk for EA |
Hall et al., 2010 | Prospective cohort study | Lower risk | ||||
Jolly et al., 2011 | Retrospective cohort study | Lower risk for EA | ||||
Canada | 2 | Barbour et al., 2010 | Prospective cohort study | Lower risk for EA | ||
Conley et al., 2012 | Prospective cohort study | Lower risk for EA | ||||
Asian - Pacific Islander (PI) (n = 3) | US | 3 | Derose et al., 2013 | Retrospective cohort study | Lower risk for PI | 2 studies reported lower risk for PI, 1 reported no significant differences |
Hall et al., 2010 | Prospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||||
Jolly et al., 2011 | Retrospective cohort study | Lower risk for PI | ||||
Hispanic (n = 6) | US | 6 | Derose et al., 2013 | Retrospective cohort study | Lower risk for Hispanics | 3 studies reported lower risk for Hispanics, 3 studies reported similar risk |
Fischer et al., 2016 | Prospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||||
Hall et al., 2010 | Prospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||||
Jolly et al., 2011 | Retrospective cohort study | Lower risk for Hispanics | ||||
Peralta et al., 2006 | Prospective cohort study | Lower risk for Hispanics | ||||
Mehrotra et al., 2008 | Prospective cohort study | Similar risk | ||||
Native American (n = 1) | US | 1 | Jolly et al., 2011 | Retrospective cohort study | Higher risk for Natives | 1 study reported higher risk for Native Americans |