Fig. 4

Histological effects after contrast injection via the right renal artery (HE stain, × 400)(n = 3). Vacuolation was primarily observed in the proximal and distal convoluted tubule epithelial cells. A small number of vacuoles were still visible in 72 h. Renal tubular lumen dilation was observed. The right renal injury score was the most severe at 24 h (*P < 0.05 vs. baseline. Baseline was normal renal tissue, and the renal injury score was 0.). Kruskal–Wallis test and pairwise comparisons