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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with and without AVC

From: Association of aortic valve calcification with carotid artery lesions and peripheral artery disease in patients with chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study

Variables

All patients

AVC (−)

AVC (+) (n = 201)

aP for trend

1 aortic cusp

2 aortic cusps

3 aortic cusps

(n = 749)

(n = 548)

(n = 116)

(n = 47)

(n = 38)

Age (years)

70 (59–78)

66 (53–75)

76 (69–80)

80 (74–84)

80 (74–83)

< 0.01

Male, n (%)

499 (67)

357 (65)

80 (69)

35 (74)

27 (71)

0.15

Hypertension, n (%)

617 (82)

433 (79)

102 (88)

44 (94)

38 (100)

< 0.01

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

283 (38)

191 (35)

51 (44)

24 (51)

17 (45)

0.01

Smoking, n (%)

406 (54)

287 (52)

68 (59)

29 (62)

22 (58)

0.14

Pack-years of smokingb

6 (0–40)

2 (0–37)

20 (0–48)

30 (0–50)

9 (0–56)

< 0.01

IHD, n (%)

109 (15)

63 (12)

21 (18)

8 (17)

17 (45)

< 0.01

Dyslipidemia, n (%)

552 (74)

404 (74)

88 (76)

33 (70)

27 (71)

0.70

SBP (mmHg)

133 ± 18

132 ± 18

136 ± 17

136 ± 19

135 ± 17

< 0.01

DBP (mmHg)

72 (65–80)

73 (66–81)

71 (65–79)

67 (60–75)

68 (64–76)

< 0.01

Use of statins, n (%)

266 (36)

177 (32)

55 (47)

16 (34)

18 (47)

0.02

Use of active vitamin D3, n (%)

55 (7)

30 (5)

17 (15)

2 (4)

6 (16)

0.01

Body mass index (kg/m2)

22.9 (20.5–25.1)

22.9 (20.6–25.5)

23.0 (20.7–24.7)

23.0 (19.8–25.3)

22.2 (20.9–24.0)

0.28

Daily proteinuria (g)

0.95 (0.28–2.63)

0.88 (0.26–2.59)

1.06 (0.30–2.59)

1.44 (0.57–3.28)

0.73 (0.21–2.54)

0.62

CRP (mg/L)

1.0 (0.5–2.0)

0.9 (0.5–2.0)

0.9 (0.5–2.0)

1.2 (0.6–2.0)

1.3 (0.5–2.9)

0.16

eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)

27.9 (16.0–47.6)

30.4 (17.2–53.1)

23.0 (14.1–37.1)

25.8 (14.7–36.8)

22.9 (12.9–31.7)

< 0.01

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.16 (0.93–1.45)

1.16 (0.93–1.45)

1.12 (0.96–1.42)

1.16 (0.93–1.42)

1.22 (0.91–1.55)

0.84

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.51 (1.99–3.10)

2.53 (2.04–3.15)

2.38 (1.95–3.00)

2.53 (1.99–3.10)

2.20 (1.81–2.92)

0.05

Serum albumin (g/L)

34 (30–38)

35 (31–38)

34 (29–36)

31 (25–35)

33 (30–36)

< 0.01

Serum calcium (mmol/L)

2.32 (2.25–2.40)

2.32 (2.25–2.37)

2.32 (2.27–2.42)

2.32 (2.25–2.47)

2.30 (2.25–2.40)

0.13

Serum phosphorus (mmol/L)

1.19 (1.07–1.32)

1.19 (1.07–1.32)

1.19 (1.07–1.36)

1.16 (1.07–1.29)

1.26 (1.13–1.39)

0.28

PTH (pg/mL)

62 (43–102)

60 (40–100)

64 (43–107)

74 (55–116)

65 (43–102)

0.24

1,25(OH)2D (pg/mL)

28.9 (20.4–39.6)

30.2 (21.2–40.5)

25.2 (18.6–35.5)

29.0 (20.4–37.7)

24.1 (16.7–35.8)

0.01

FGF23 (pg/mL)

83 (57–130)

79 (54–125)

89 (60–152)

89 (70–132)

102 (71–158)

< 0.01

LVH, n (%)

338 (45)

222 (41)

68 (59)

25 (53)

23 (61)

< 0.01

Carotid IMT (mm)

0.70 (0.60–0.82)

0.68 (0.58–0.80)

0.75 (0.66–0.87)

0.75 (0.69–0.83)

0.76 (0.67–0.86)

< 0.01

CAP, n (%)

583 (78)

389 (71)

113 (97)

46 (98)

35 (92)

< 0.01

CAP score

4.49 (1.28–8.46)

3.40 (0.00–7.00)

7.10 (3.54–10.96)

7.41 (3.57–12.46)

8.90 (6.30–12.19)

< 0.01

PAD, n (%)

123 (16)

65 (12)

28 (24)

15 (32)

15 (39)

< 0.01

ABPI

1.07 (1.00–1.14)

1.08 (1.02–1.15)

1.05 (0.95–1.13)

1.07 (0.90–1.16)

0.95 (0.89–1.08)

< 0.01

  1. Values are expressed as mean ± SD, n (%) or median (interquartile range). AVC aortic valve calcification, IHD ischemic heart disease, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, CRP C-reactive protein, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, PTH parathyroid hormone, 1,25(OH)2D 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, FGF23 fibroblast growth factor 23, LVH left ventricular hypertrophy, IMT intima-media thickness, CAP carotid artery plaque, PAD peripheral artery disease, ABPI ankle-brachial blood pressure index. aTrend analyses were performed across 4 groups (1 group without AVC and 3 groups with AVC). bTen patients had no available data
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BMC Nephrology

ISSN: 1471-2369

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