Table 2 List of iBEAt exclusion criteria (see also additional file 3.0)

Permanent dialysis

Current metastatic malignancy

Renal transplantation

Current malignancy with expected survival < study follow up period (4 years)

Known clinical history of urinary obstruction on renal US

Melanomatous skin cancer < 5 years ago (fully resected melanoma > 5 years ago, i.e. surgical cure, can be recruited)

Post-voiding residue over 100 ml, or pyelectasis

Use of investigational drug within 1 month prior to screening

Known clinical history of aortic endoprothesis at the renal level

Current pregnancy

Known current or clinical history of renal or urinary tract malignancy

Use of antiretroviral medication

Biopsy proven non-diabetic primary renal disease

History of Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (APKD)

Significant comorbidities with life expectancy of < 1 year

Cirrhotic liver disease or non-cirrhotic chronic liver disease where alanine aminotransferase > 2 x upper limit of normal

Standard contrast enhanced-MRI exclusions (e.g. cochlear implant, aneurysm clips, claustrophobia and known allergy to Gadolinium contrast)

Renal stones causing CKD

Any other significant disease or disorder which, in the opinion of the investigators, may either put the patient at risk because of participation in the study, or may influence the result of the study, or the patient’s ability to participate in the study