Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with early and delayed lupus nephritis

 Age, years

36.0 (26.3–46.0)

36.0 (25.0–48.0)

 Female sex, n (%)

153 (89.5)

91 (85.8)

 Disease duration, months

n/a

n/a

 Follow-up duration, months

57.1 (17.5–90.8)

40.9 (14.2–91.3)

 Non-renal SLEDAI-2 K

5.0 (4.0–7.0)

6.0 (5.0–8.0)

 Complement 3, mg/dL

42.7 (28.7–66.4)

40.3 (26.2–67.3)

 Low complement 3, n (%)

154 (90.1)

95 (89.6)

 Complement 4, mg/dL

5.6 (3.0–12.5)

5.3 (3.0–12.5)

 Low complement 4, n (%)

114 (66.7)

73 (68.9)

 Anti-dsDNA (IU/mL)

218.4 (32.3–379.0)

160.0 (10.0–379.0)

 Elevated anti-dsDNA, n (%)

141 (82.5)

83 (78.3)

 Spot urine P/Cr ratio

2.9 (1.5–6.0)

3.4 (1.5–6.5)

 WBC count (/μL)

4400.0 (3147.5–6145.0)

3925.0 (3030.5630.0)

 Platelet count (× 1000/μL)

203.0 (136.3–247.8)

200.0 (113.0–240.0)

 Hemoglobin (g/dL)

10.4 (9.1–11.7)

10.2 (8.9–11.5)

 Lymphocyte count (/μL)

860.0 (580.0–1227.5)

840.0 (550.0–1250.0)

 ESR (mm/hr)

53.0 (28.5–76.0)

57.0 (35.0–84.0)

 CRP (mg/L)

2.5 (1.0–8.9)

3.0 (1.0–9.6)

 Cr (mg/dL)

0.8 (0.6–1.1)

0.8 (0.6–1.1)

 Albumin (g/dL)

2.9 (2.2–3.4)

2.6 (2.1–3.3)

 Skin rash

53 (31.0)

41 (38.7)

 Photosensitivity

13 (7.6)

10 (9.4)

 Oral ulcer

21 (12.3)

19 (17.9)

 Arthritis

10 (5.8)

8 (7.5)

 Serositis

41 (24.0)

35 (33.0)

 Neurologic disorder

2 (1.2)

1 (0.9)

 Hematologic disorder

152 (88.9)

95 (89.6)

 Immunologic disorder

159 (93.0)

100 (94.3)

 Hypertension

33 (19.3)

11 (10.4)

 Diabetes mellitus

4 (2.3)

3 (2.8)

 Dyslipidemia

2 (1.2)

2 (1.9)