Table 1 Baseline characteristics in patients (n = 90)

Female, n (%)

11 (36.7%)

10 (33.3%)

6 (20%)

Age (years)

47.17 ± 13.60

51.73 ± 14.06

50.57 ± 11.71

Diabetes duration (years)

0

3.77 ± 3.87

9.94 ± 6.77

Hypertension (years)

3.07 ± 3.94

3.77 ± 5.73

6.19 ± 7.45

Hypertension, n (%)

15 (50%)

16 (53.3%)

24 (80%)

SBP (mmHg)

133.73 ± 16.26

134.00 ± 17.66

146.00 ± 25.19

DBP (mmHg)

85.07 ± 11.72

84.00 ± 9.69

88.47 ± 13.48

Hb (g/L)

139.90 ± 14.11

137.40 ± 17.10

109.07 ± 22.51

HbA_1C (%)

5.61 ± 0.59

7.15 ± 1.30

7.57 ± 1.94

Fasting glucose (mmol/L)

4.94 ± 0.96

6.57 ± 1.84

8.20 ± 4.95

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

6.47 ± 3.53

6.85 ± 2.78

5.66 ± 1.74

LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

4.20 ± 2.39

4.46 ± 1.90

3.80 ± 1.30

HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

1.34 ± 0.45

1.27 ± 0.41

1.16 ± 0.39

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

2.10 ± 1.51

3.40 ± 2.40

1.96 ± 1.84

Albumin (g/L)

32.93 ± 11.12

29.79 ± 9.67

32.24 ± 6.19

Serum creatinine (umol/L)

73.24 ± 21.51

84.65 ± 51.27

155.84 ± 95.87

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)

100.10 ± 20.16

92.15 ± 27.99

59.64 ± 33.42

Serum cystatin C (mg/L)

1.07 ± 0.27

1.28 ± 0.51

2.05 ± 0.96

BUN (mmol/L)

5.44 ± 1.18

5.79 ± 2.06

10.63 ± 6.19

Uric acid (umol/L)

370.60 ± 87.13

387.97 ± 83.67

405.54 ± 103.96

Serum NGAL (ng/mL)

169.18 ± 96.86

238.54 ± 112.51

227.65 ± 149.28

Urine NGAL (ng/mL)

60.99 ± 116.73

95.43 ± 186.92

96.73 ± 146.77

Urine albumin(g/24 h)

3.44 ± 4.59

4.97 ± 4.62

5.50 ± 5.10

Urine ACR (mg/g)

119.71 ± 110.37

287.55 ± 146.89

465.32 ± 304.63

Urine pH

6.09 ± 0.57

5.89 ± 0.56

5.94 ± 0.66

Urine bicarbonate (mmol/L)

24.70 ± 2.42

24.63 ± 1.57

25.26 ± 2.21

Urine titratable acid (mmol/L)

24.03 ± 16.62

18.26 ± 10.12

12.59 ± 9.78

Urine ammonia (mmol/L)

44.67 ± 26.83

31.74 ± 18.89

18.48 ± 12.83