Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants

Age (years)

53.2 ± 12.1

Male (%)

60.4

Age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (%)

3.9 ± 1.8

 Low (≤3)

58.7

 Moderate (4–5)

27.2

 High (6–7)

12.3

 Very high (≥8)

1.8

Diabetes mellitus (%)

26.5

Hypertension (%)

96.4

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

126.1 ± 14.6

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

76.4 ± 10.3

Body mass index (kg/m²)

24.5 ± 3.4

Body surface area (m²)

1.7 ± 0.2

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

126.1 ± 14.0

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

76.4 ± 10.3

 Diabetic nephropathy

15.4

 Non-diabetic nephropathy

84.6

 eGFR_Cr

58.5 ± 28.9

 eGFR_CysC

58.4 ± 31.2

 eGFR_CrCysC

58.0 ± 30.6

 Hemoglobin (g/dL)

13.21 ± 1.85

 Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)

 Uric acid (mg/dL)

6.90 ± 1.86

 Phosphorus (mg/dL)

 Total bilirubin (mg/dL)

 Albumin (g/dL)

4.26 ± 0.35

uPCR (mean, interquartile range)

0.4 (0.1–1.0)

  < 0.3 g/g (%)

45.0

 0.3–0.9 g/g (%)

30.6

 1.0–3.0 g/g (%)

18.8

  ≥ 3 g/g (%)

5.6

uACR (mean, interquartile range)

272.4 (49.7–705.1)

  < 30 mg/g (%)

19.2

 30–299 mg/g (%)

33.4

  ≥ 300 mg/g (%)

47.4

ESRD event (%)

69.0