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Table 2 Anthropometric characteristics and BIA measurement of the subjects according to DM comorbidity and GFR category

From: Foods contributing to nutrients intake and assessment of nutritional status in pre-dialysis patients: a cross-sectional study

Parameters

Total

(n = 256)

DM-CKD

(n = 107)

Non-DM-CKD

(n = 149)

P value3

Early-CKD

(n = 49)

Late-CKD

(n = 58)

Early-CKD

(n = 77)

Late-CKD

(n = 72)

DM comorbidity

GFR category

Interaction

Anthropometric parameters

 Height (cm)

  Male

168.4 ± 6.11

166.9 ± 6.2

168.4 ± 6.4

168.6 ± 6.2

169.5 ± 5.5

0.20

0.30

0.51

  Female

155.5 ± 5.7

157.5 ± 3.6

153.8 ± 6.8

156.3 ± 4.6

154.7 ± 6.4

0.91

0.03

0.38

Bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA)

 Weight (kg)

  Male

71.4 ± 11.5

73.2 ± 14.8

72.2 ± 11.0

71.8 ± 8.5

68.7 ± 12.1

0.23

0.31

0.43

  Female

61.5 ± 10.9

65.8 ± 12.1a

64.8 ± 13.3ab

60.8 ± 8.6ab

57.9 ± 9.6b

< 0.01

0.28

0.73

 Body mass index, BMI (kg/m2)

  Male

25.1 ± 3.3

26.1 ± 4.0

25.4 ± 3.2

25.2 ± 2.6

23.8 ± 3.5

0.04

0.07

0.25

  Female

25.4 ± 4.2

26.4 ± 4.2ab

27.3 ± 5.0a

24.9 ± 3.7ab

24.2 ± 3.7b

< 0.01

0.85

0.34

 Fat mass, FM (kg) 2

  Male

17.8 ± 7.0

19.8 ± 9.3

18.4 ± 7.1

17.9 ± 4.9

15.5 ± 6.8

0.11

0.04

0.18

  Female

21.9 ± 7.4

23.3 ± 8.4

23.9 ± 9.2

21.1 ± 6.7

20.7 ± 6.2

0.10

0.88

0.84

 Percent body fat, PBF (%)

  Male

24.5 ± 6.4

26.2 ± 6.8

25.3 ± 6.7

24.8 ± 5.2

22.0 ± 6.7

0.04

0.10

0.19

  Female

35.0 ± 6.3

35.1 ± 5.8

36.2 ± 8.1

34.2 ± 6.1

35.1 ± 5.7

0.46

0.44

0.90

 Fat free mass, FFM (kg)

  Male

53.5 ± 7.1

22.0 ± 6.7

53.8 ± 7.4

53.7 ± 6.5

53.1 ± 7.4

0.85

0.95

0.68

  Female

39.4 ± 5.3

41.5 ± 5.1a

40.9 ± 7.1ab

39.7 ± 3.7ab

37.2 ± 4.7b

< 0.01

0.07

0.41

 Skeletal muscle mass, SMM (kg)

  Male

29.6 ± 4.3

29.7 ± 4.4

29.4 ± 4.6

30.0 ± 3.9

29.4 ± 4.5

0.79

0.51

0.81

  Female

21.2 ± 3.2

22.4 ± 3.0a

21.9 ± 4.1ab

21.4 ± 2.3ab

19.9 ± 2.9b

0.01

0.07

0.49

 Visceral fat area, VFA (cm2) 2

  Male

77.1 ± 31.8

86.1 ± 40.0

83.6 ± 33.4

74.3 ± 22.3

66.6 ± 30.3

< 0.01

0.21

0.13

  Female

105.1 ± 39.5

112.8 ± 39.4

115.9 ± 46.9

97.9 ± 38.1

101.0 ± 35.6

0.09

0.76

0.84

 Midarm circumference, MAC (cm) 2

  Male

26.0 ± 2.4

25.8 ± 4.0

25.8 ± 1.8

26.5 ± 1.8

25.7 ± 2.1

0.33

0.66

0.28

  Female

23.2 ± 2.0

23.9 ± 1.9

23.9 ± 2.6

23.1 ± 1.6

22.5 ± 1.9

< 0.01

0.41

0.50

 Phase angle, PhA (degrees)

5.3 ± 0.8

5.3 ± 0.7b

5.0 ± 0.7b

5.7 ± 0.7a

5.2 ± 0.8b

< 0.001

< 0.001

1.00

 Body cell mass, BCM (kg)

31.0 ± 6.2

31.8 ± 5.8

31.7 ± 6.2

31.4 ± 5.9

29.4 ± 6.7

0.10

0.12

0.19

 Intracellular water, ICW (L)

21.6 ± 4.4

22.2 ± 4.0

22.1 ± 4.4

22.0 ± 4.1

20.5 ± 4.7

0.10

0.13

0.18

 Extracellular water, ECW (L)

13.6 ± 2.8

14.0 ± 2.5ab

14.3 ± 2.8a

13.3 ± 2.7ab

12.9 ± 2.8b

< 0.01

0.73

0.27

 Total body water, TBW (L)

35.0 ± 7.4

36.2 ± 6.5

36.4 ± 7.1

35.2 ± 7.2

33.0 ± 8.1

0.02

0.24

0.17

 Extracellular fluid, ECF (ECW/TBW)

0.39 ± 0.01

0.39 ± 0.01a

0.39 ± 0.01b

0.38 ± 0.01c

0.39 ± 0.01a

< 0.001

< 0.001

1.00

 Bone mineral mass, BMC (kg)

2.6 ± 0.5

2.7 ± 0.5

2.7 ± 0.6

2.7 ± 0.5

2.5 ± 0.5

0.05

0.23

0.20

  1. 1The data are presented as means ± standard deviations
  2. 2The variable was analyzed after transformed to natural logarithms
  3. 3Two-way ANOVA was performed to compare parameters according to the DM comorbidity and GFR category. Means with different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) by Bonferroni multiple comparison test
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BMC Nephrology

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