|
Cavanaugh, 2015 [16]
|
USA
|
Orthopaedic; Joint Arthroplasty
|
2,583,529
|
3209
|
66.8 ± 11.6
|
53.5 ± 13.1
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
Cardiac failure, surgical site infection, PE/DVT, pneumonia, sepsis, Acute kidney injury
|
|
Choi, 2013 [17]
|
USA
|
Orthopaedic; Total hip arthroplasty
|
2044
|
222
|
57.4 ± 15.2
|
44.2 ± 11.2
|
110 (5.4)
|
12 (5.4)
|
233 (11.4)
|
26 (11.7)
|
Acute kidney injury
|
|
Farag, 2017 [18]
|
UK
|
Cardiac; CABG
|
70
|
70
|
58.6 ± 10.3
|
57.8 ± 11.2
|
32 (45.7)
|
28 (40.0)
|
29 (41.4)
|
42 (60.0)
|
30-day mortality, Surgical site infection, Pneumonia, Sepsis, Stroke, GI, Transfusion, Return to theatre, ICU admission, Acute kidney injury, Urinary tract infection
|
|
Halabi, 2013 [4]
|
USA
|
General; colorectal
|
1,402,020
|
1305
|
65 ± 11.0
|
59.0 ± 3.1
|
161,029 (11.5)
|
272 (20.8)
|
347,041 (24.8)
|
772 (59.0)
|
In-hospital mortality, surgical site infection, PE/DVT, pneumonia, stroke, GI, transfusions, Acute kidney injury, Urinary tract infection
|
|
John, 2007 [5]
|
USA
|
Cardiac; CABG & Valve
|
895
|
70
|
61 ± 13.6
|
52.1 ± 9.9
|
881 (98.4)
|
50 (71.4)
|
350 (39.1)
|
65 (92.9)
|
30-day mortality, myocardial infarction, surgical site infection, pneumonia, sepsis, stroke, GI, Return to theatre, ICU admission, Acute kidney injury
|
|
Klement, 2016 [19]
|
USA
|
Orthopaedic; Total knee arthroplasty
|
1,685,295
|
3334
|
69.5 ± 9.7
|
67 ± 8.1
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
Myocardial infarction, Cardiac failure, PE/DVT, stroke, Transfusions, Acute kidney injury
|
|
Kohmoto, 2018 [20]
|
USA
|
Cardiac; CABG & Valve
|
345
|
115
|
60 ± 14
|
58 ± 11
|
147 (42)
|
38 (33)
|
205 (59)
|
71 (62)
|
30-day mortality, Surgical site infection, Return to theatre, Pneumonia, Acute kidney injury, Stroke, 30-day readmission
|
|
Lederer, 2019 [21]
|
Germany
|
General; Abdominal surgery
|
84
|
84
|
59.8 ± 12.7
|
59.0 ± 9.0
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
In-hospital mortality return to theatre, surgical site infection, urinary tract infection, pneumonia, transfusions, pulmonary embolism, gastrointestinal complications.
|
|
Li, 2014 [22]
|
China
|
Orthopaedic: Total hip arthroplasty
|
600
|
300
|
47.3 ± 16.4
|
45.0 ± 10.2
|
25 (4.2)
|
15 (5.0)
|
90 (15.0)
|
35 (11.7)
|
Acute kidney injury
|
|
Nakhla, 2017 [23]
|
USA
|
Orthoapeadic; Lumbar fusion
|
263,757
|
239
|
55 ± 14
|
61 ± 10
|
–
|
–
|
35,607 (13.5)
|
118 (31.4)
|
Surgical site infection, Acute kidney injury
|
|
Sharma, 2013 [24]
|
Australia
|
Cardiac; CABG & Valve
|
104
|
30
|
56.5 ± 11.1
|
55.7 ± 11.5
|
20 (19.2)
|
6 (20.0)
|
25 (24.0)
|
9 (30.0)
|
In-hospital mortality, Cardiac failure, Pneumonia, Sepsis, Stroke, Return to theatre, Acute kidney injury
|
|
Stewart, 2012 [25]
|
USA
|
General; colorectal
|
162,986
|
3765
|
64 ± 12.1
|
57.4 ± 9.4
|
11,734 (12.3)
|
196 (9.2)
|
24,448 (25.6)
|
489 (22.9)
|
In-hospital mortality, Cardiac failure, Surgical site infection, Pneumonia, Sepsis, GI, Acute kidney Injury
|
|
Sun, 2018 [26]
|
USA
|
Urology; Penile Prosthesis
|
26
|
26
|
56.4 ± 9.0
|
53.7 ± 8.1
|
8 (30.8)
|
15 (57.7)
|
14 (53.9)
|
22 (84.6)
|
Return to theatre
|
|
Vargo, 2015 [27]
|
USA
|
Coronary artery bypass graft
|
1,705,949
|
2712
|
65.5 ± 11.8
|
58.2 ± 10.5
|
527,337 (30.9)
|
642 (23.7)
|
452,483 (26.5)
|
667 (24.6)
|
In-hospital mortality, Surgical site infection, Pneumonia, stroke, GI, Acute kidney injury
|
