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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of rapid progressors and stable patients

From: Predictive factors of rapid linear renal progression and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease

Variable

Rapid progressor

(n = 157)

Stable patient

(n = 179)

P-value

Age (years)

54.0 (43.5–64.0)

68.4 (58.8–76.5)

< 0.001

Men, n (%)

81 (52)

128 (72)

< 0.001

Caucasian, n (%)

152 (97)

174 (97)

0.833

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

144 (133–157)

137 (122–148)

0.001

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

82 (74–91)

74 (66–80)

< 0.001

Hypertension, n (%)

151 (96)

168 (94)

0.332

Diabetes, n (%)

41 (26)

67 (37)

0.027

Body mass index (kg/m2)

28.0 (24.5–32.0)

28.0 (24.5–32.2)

0.925

Past/current smoking history, n (%)

100 (64)

122 (68)

0.389

Myocardial infarction, n (%)

5 (3)

25 (14)

0.002

Peripheral vascular disease, n (%)

8 (5)

11 (6)

0.375

Stroke, n (%)

11 (7)

5 (3)

0.138

Heart failure, n (%)

2 (1)

10 (6)

0.047

ACEi/ARB, n (%)

112 (71)

118 (66)

0.286

Statin, n (%)

92 (58)

116 (65)

0.243

CKD stage 3, n (%)

109 (69)

78 (44)

< 0.001

CKD stage 4, n (%)

48 (31)

101 (56)

< 0.001

Years follow-up

3.9 (2.9–5.0)

7.5 (5.7–9.8)

< 0.001

Primary renal disease

 Diabetic nephropathy, n (%)

31 (20)

39 (22)

0.646

 ADPKD, n (%)

52 (33)

2 (1)

< 0.001

 Hypertensive nephropathy, n (%)

11 (7)

17 (10)

0.410

 Renovascular disease, n (%)

3 (2)

14 (8)

0.014

 Obstructive uropathy, n (%)

7 (4)

17 (9)

0.038

 Glomerulonephritis, n (%)

26 (17)

24 (13)

0.418

 Other causes, n (%)

21 (13)

39 (22)

0.045

 Unknown, n (%)

6 (4)

27 (15)

< 0.001

Laboratory results

 Creatinine (umol/l)

171 (145–201)

193 (157–238)

< 0.001

 eGFR-EPI (ml/min/1.73m2)

34 (28–41)

28 (22–37)

< 0.001

 eGFR measurements, n

25 (16–36)

24 (15–38)

0.960

 Days between eGFR measurements, n

47 (24–91)

84 (39–135)

< 0.001

 ΔGFR (±ml/min/1.73m2/yr)

−5.930 (−7.345 to −4.810)

−0.030 (−0.290 to 0.170)

< 0.001

 Bicarbonate (mmol/L)

22.5 (20.2–25.0)

23.0 (20.7–24.9)

0.354

 Urea (mmol/L)

12.0 (9.6–15.0)

13.4 (10.8–17.6)

0.001

 Calcium (mmol/L)

2.31 (2.21–2.37)

2.28 (2.21–2.37)

0.350

 Phosphate (mmol/L)

1.16 (1.03–1.29)

1.05 (0.93–1.21)

< 0.001

 Alkaline phosphatase (mmol/L)

78 (59–95)

83 (65–104)

0.025

 Albumin (g/L)

41 (38–44)

44 (42–46)

< 0.001

 Total cholesterol/HDL ratio

3.55 (2.75–4.46)

3.17 (2.48–4.06)

0.007

 C-reactive protein (mg/L)

2.8 (1.2–7.3)

2.5 (1.0–5.7)

0.234

 Haemoglobin (g/L)

122 (113–134)

129 (119–137)

0.006

 Urine protein:creatinine ratio (g/mol)

102 (28–289)

17 (9–36)

< 0.001

- A1 proteinuria (< 15 g/mol)

16 (10)

76 (42)

< 0.001

- A2 proteinuria (15-50 g/mol)

44 (26)

73 (41)

0.005

- A3 proteinuria (> 50 g/mol)

107 (64)

30 (17)

< 0.001

  1. Continuous data are presented as median (interquartile range) and categorical variables presented as number (percentage)
  2. P-value calculated by Mann-Whitney test for continuous data and Chi-squared test for categorical data
  3. Abbreviations: ADPKD (Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease); ACEi (Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor); ARB (Angiotensin receptor blocker); eGFR-EPI (eGFR calculated using the CKD-EPI equation)