Study (design) | Country | Sample size (male %) Population | BMD assessment techniques (anatomical sites) | Bone biomarkers | Exercise intervention | Results BMD | Results Bone biomarkers |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eatemadololama et al. 2017 [26] (RCT) | Iran | n = 24 CG = 12 EG = 12 Kidney Transplant | DXA – Hologic (proximal femur and LS) | – | Resistance exercise (10 min stretching exercises, 10 min walking, 10 min cycling, 20 min RE for UL, 20 min RE for LL; RE intensity 50% of 1RM increasing 5 to 10%; 2 days/week; 12 weeks) | EG: ↑ proximal femur = LS CG: ↓ proximal femur ↓ LS EG vs CG: no comparison | – |
Gomes et al. 2017 [27] (RCT) | Brazil | n = 39 (71%) CG = 15 EG = 24 CKD Stages 3–4 | – | TRAP-5b PTH Sclerostin ALP OC | Aerobic exercise (40–60% of maximum VO2; 30 min; 3 days/week; 24 weeks) | – | EG: ↑ ALP CG: = all biomarkers EG vs CG: ↑ ALP (favouring EG) |
Liao et al. 2016 [28] (RCT) | Taiwan | n = 40 (43%) CG = 20 EG = 20 HD | DXA (LS and FN) | iPTH | Intradialytic aerobic exercise (12–15 BPES; 30 min; 3 days/week; 12 weeks) | EG: = all bone sites CG: = all bone sites EG vs CG: ↑ FN BMD loss (favouring CG) | EG: = all biomarkers CG: = all biomarkers EG vs CG: no comparison |
Marinho et al. 2016 [29] (RCT) | Brazil | n = 13 (46%) CG = 7 EG = 6 HD | – | iPTH BALP Sclerostin | Intradialytic resistance exercise (60–70% of 3RM; 4 exercises; 3 days/week; 8 weeks) | – | EG: ↑ BALP CG: = all biomarkers EG vs CG: no comparison |
Rosa et al. 2018 [30] (RCT) | Brazil | n = 52 (67%) CG = 24 EG = 28 HD | DXA – Hologic (Total body - BMC) | – | Intradialytic resistance exercise (60% of 1RM; 40-50 min; 3 days/week; 12 weeks) | EG: = total body BMC CG: = total body BMC EG vs CG: ↑ BMC (favouring EG) Effect size = 0.65 | – |
Marinho et al. 2017 [32] (Non-RCT) | Brazil | n = 26 (65%) CG = 12 EG = 14 HD | – | OC OPN OPG iPTH | Intradialytic resistance exercise (60–70% of 1RM; 4 exercises; 3 sets; 10 repetitions; 3 days/week; 24 weeks) | – | EG: ↑ OPG CG: = all biomarkers EG vs CG: no comparison |
Marinho et al. 2016 [31] (Non-RCT) | Brazil | n = 21 (67%) CG = 11 EG = 10 HD | DXA – Lunar (FN, LS, proximal femur and total body) | PTH | Intradialytic resistance exercise (60–70% of 1RM; 4 exercises; 3 sets; 10 repetitions; 3 days/week; 24 weeks) | EG: ↑ femoral neck CG: = all bone sites EG vs CG: no comparison | EG: = PTH CG: no comparison EG vs CG: no comparison |