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Table 2 Association of PWV, central pulse pressure and augmentation index with progressive CKD

From: Aortic pulse wave velocity, central pulse pressure, augmentation index and chronic kidney disease progression in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a 3- year prospective study

 

Progression Defined as 40% eGFR Decline

Progression Defined as Doubling of Serum Creatinine

Univariable (Model 1)

Multivariable (Model 2)

Multivariable + other 2 hemodynamic parameters

(Model 3)

Univariable

(Model 1)

Multivariable

(Model 2)

Multivariable + other 2 hemodynamic parameters

(Model 3)

PWV (m/s)

1.32 (1.22–1.430)

P < 0.001

1.13 (1.01–1.27)

P = 0.04

1.14 (1.01–1.29)

P = 0.04

1.35 (1.23–1.49)

P < 0.001

1.18 (1.02–1.36)

P = 0.02

1.19 (1.02–1.39)

P = 0.03

Central Pulse Pressure (10 mmHg)

1.39 (1.23–1.56)

P < 0.001

1.23 (0.99–1.52)

P = 0.06

1.14 (0.91–1.43)

P = 0.27

1.28 (1.09–1.49)

P = 0.002

1.13 (0.86–1.49)

P = 0.38

1.05 (0.78–1.41)

P = 0.74

Augmentation Index (10%)

1.33 (1.11–1.60)

P = 0.001

1.31 (1.00–1.72)

P = 0.049

1.22 (0.92–1.63)

P = 0.16

1.31 (1.03–1.66)

P = 0.03

1.25 (0.90–1.73)

P = 0.19

1.19 (0.83–1.67)

P = 0.35

  1. Binary logistic regression model- Progressive CKD (yes or no) as outcome. Multivariable model adjusted age, sex, ethnicity (Chinese as reference), smoking (active smoker versus others), duration of diabetes, body mass index, HbA1c, mean arterial pressure, resting heart rate, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triacylglycerol (log-transformed), baseline eGFR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (log-transformed), usage of insulin (yes or no), and renin-angiotensin system blocker (yes or no)