characteristics | Tertiles of the total protein | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
T1(n = 544) | T2(n = 542) | T3(n = 544) | P for trend | |
Age (years) | 43.3 ± 11.3 | 42.8 ± 10.9 | 42.4 ± 11.4 | 0.868 |
Male (%) | 44.3% | 47.2% | 57.0% | < 0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m 2) | 27.4 ± 4.5 | 27.6 ± 4.7 | 27.8 ± 4.4 | 0.595 |
Current smoker (%) | 9.6% | 11.3% | 10.5% | 0.620 |
Low physical activity (%) | 68.2% | 65.2% | 67.1% | 0.664 |
Fasting blood sugar (mg/dl) | 91.2 ± 21.1 | 92.4 ± 22.3 | 93.5 ± 23.1 | 0.215 |
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 111.7 ± 15.5 | 112.1 ± 16.7 | 113.4 ± 16.2 | 0.379 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 74.0 ± 10.1 | 74.1 ± 11.2 | 74.6 ± 10.5 | 0.352 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 129.0 (91.0–183.7) | 127.5 (86.0–184.2) | 134.0 (94.0–201.0) | 0.361 |
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m 2) | 73.2 ± 8.2 | 73.9 ± 9.1 | 73.9 ± 8.5 | 0.380 |
Cr (mg/dL) | 1.02 ± 0.13 | 1.02 ± 0.14 | 1.05 ± 0.14 | 0.339 |
Diabetes (%) | 8.6% | 7.9% | 7.9% | 0.658 |
Hypertension (%) | 13.2% | 11.8% | 12.5% | 0.714 |
Daily intakes | ||||
Total energy (Kcal) | 1621 ± 364 | 2224 ± 443 | 3111 ± 745 | < 0.001 |
Total protein (%energy) | 12.75 ± 2.16 | 13.68 ± 2.14 | 14.75 ± 2.50 | < 0.001 |
Total protein (gr) | 50.36 ± 9.83 | 74.23 ± 6.43 | 114.44 ± 29.42 | < 0.001 |
Animal protein (gr/1000 kcal) | 16.2 ± 5.9 | 18.5 ± 6.0 | 20.9 ± 8.1 | < 0.001 |
Animal protein (gr) | 25.43 ± 8.33 | 39.43 ± 9.18 | 63.05 ± 26.65 | < 0.001 |
Plant protein (gr/1000 kcal) | 15.5 ± 3.6 | 15.8 ± 3.7 | 16.5 ± 4.9 | < 0.001 |
Plant protein (gr) | 24.92 ± 7.42 | 34.79 ± 8.99 | 51.38 ± 21.18 | < 0.001 |
Total fiber (gr/1000 kcal) | 16.1 ± 6.9 | 17.01 ± 6.7 | 17.5 ± 6.9 | 0.224 |
Carbohydrate (%energy) | 58.1 ± 7.6 | 57.6 ± 6.8 | 57.5 ± 7.3 | 0.048 |
Total fat (%energy) | 31. ± 7.7 | 31.4 ± 6.9 | 30.5 ± 6.5 | 0.023 |