Table 2 Animal AKI models
Author, year | Animals | Training programme | Method of inducing AKI | Pre or Post Exercise training? | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
de Lima [23], 2019 | Male Wistar Rats | 4-week training programme (5 days a week) | Ischaemia-reperfusion injury | Post | ↓blood urea, ↓urinary protein, ↓plasma creatinine, ↓apoptosis, ↓tubular injury, ↓tubular cells degenerative injury, ↑cell regeneration. |
Francescato [27], 2018 | Male Wistar Rats | 4-week (5 days a week; combination of easy and moderate aerobic training | Cisplatin | Post | ↓Plasma creatinine, ↓urinary volume, ↓sodium and potassium fractional excretion, ↑urine osmolality, ↓lesions, ↓macrophages, ↓ vimentin, α-sma expression, ↓vascular endothelial growth factor, ↑Nitric oxide |
Miyagi [25], 2014 | C57Bl6 male mice | 6-week training programme | Cisplatin | Post | ↓Serum creatinine, ↔apoptosis, ↓TNF-α, ↓IL-10, ↑IL-6, ↔Nrf2, ↑ HO-1. |
Miyagi [26], 2018 | C57Bl6 male mice, | 6-week training programme | Cisplatin | Post | ↓Serum creatinine, ↓Kim-1, ↑CD4 + CD69+, ↓CD4 + CD25+, IL-10↓, TNF↓ |
Oliveira [24], 2017 | Male Wistar Rats | 30 days of moderate treadmill running (60 min/day for 5 days a week). | Gentamicin (100 mg/kg/day) for 10 days | Pre | ↑Urinary, ↓plasma lipid peroxidation, ↓urinary lipid peroxidation, ↓kidney lipid peroxidation, ↑anti-oxidants (catalase & glutathione). |
Sossdorf [29], 2013 | C57BL/6 N male mice | 6 weeks of treadmill running | Sepsis | Pre | ↓ creatinine, ↓ BUN, ↓IL-10, ↓ TNF -α, ↓ monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, ↓ NGAL, ↓histological tubular damage |
Zeynali [28], 2015 | Male Wistar Rats | 8-week treadmill training programme (one hour per day/five days per week) | Cisplatin | Post and During | ↓Serum blood urea nitrogen, ↓serum creatinine, ↓kidney tissue damage, ↓kidney weight, ↓kidney nitrite, ↓serum nitrite ↓kidney malondialdehyde, ↓serum malondialdehyde |