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Table 1 Clinical characteristics

From: Bioelectrical impedance analysis-derived phase angle as a determinant of protein-energy wasting and frailty in maintenance hemodialysis patients: retrospective cohort study

 

First quartile group

(PA < 3.7)

n = 29

Second quartile group

(3.7 ≤ PA < 4.2)

n = 29

Third quartile group

(4.2 ≤ PA < 5.0)

n = 29

Fourth quartile group

(PA ≥ 5.0)

n = 29

P-value among groups

Age, years

70 ± 10

67 ± 11

62 ± 11

58 ± 12

< 0.001

Female, n (%)

15 (52)

13 (43)

9 (31)

4 (14)

0.015

BMI, kg/m2

20.5 ± 3.2

24.6 ± 4.5

25.1 ± 5.6

24.6 ± 3.0

< 0.001

HD vintage, years

6.9 ± 7.6

7.1 ± 5.5

7.3 ± 4.3

6.0 ± 4.7

0.833

Hypertension, n (%)

28 (97)

29 (97)

27 (93)

27 (93)

0.864

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

17 (59)

20 (67)

17 (59)

11 (38)

0.147

Hb, g/dL

10.2 ± 1.2

10.2 ± 1.0

10.7 ± 1.5

10.9 ± 0.9

0.054

sCr, mg/dL

8.8 ± 1.9

9.7 ± 2.1

11.6 ± 1.9

13.4 ± 2.4

< 0.001

Alb, mg/dL

3.6 ± 0.4

3.7 ± 0.2

3.7 ± 0.3

3.9 ± 0.3

0.005

P, pg/dL

5.2 ± 1.2

5.8 ± 1.2

5.6 ± 1.1

6.0 ± 1.6

0.104

Ca, mg/dL

8.6 ± 0.7

8.8 ± 0.8

9.0 ± 0.7

8.9 ± 0.6

0.129

K, mg/dL

5.1 ± 0.7

4.8 ± 0.8

4.9 ± 0.5

5.0 ± 0.7

0.308

CRP, mg/dL

0.58 ± 0.88

0.33 ± 0.44

0.26 ± 0.33

0.20 ± 0.20

0.045

Kt/V

1.4 ± 0.3

1.3 ± 0.2

1.3 ± 0.2

1.3 ± 0.2

0.667

nPNA, g/kg/day

0.8 ± 0.2

0.8 ± 0.1

0.8 ± 0.1

0.9 ± 0.2

0.088

EAT-10, points

1.6 ± 4.4

1.3 ± 2.9

0.6 ± 2.8

0.9 ± 2.8

0.702

SNAQ, points

14.4 ± 2.6

14.2 ± 3.2

15.0 ± 1.5

14.8 ± 1.6

0.563

Modified creatinine index, mg/kg/day

19.5 ± 1.9

20.5 ± 2.1

22.0 ± 2.8

24.3 ± 2.4

< 0.001

PA, °

3.0 ± 0.6

3.9 ± 0.2

4.7 ± 0.2

5.7 ± 0.5

< 0.001

PA SDS

−2.15 ± 1.60

−1.77 ± 1.17

−0.56 ± 1.07

1.08 ± 1.14

< 0.001

ECW/TBW

51.6 ± 0.7

48.0 ± 2.7

45.3 ± 2.0

41.4 ± 2.2

< 0.001

Handgrip strength, kg

17.8 ± 6.2

22.0 ± 7.4

26.3 ± 7.7

32.9 ± 7.6

< 0.001

SPPB score, points

10.3 ± 2.1

10.9 ± 1.7

11.0 ± 1.8

11.6 ± 0.9

0.055

  1. BMI Body mass index, HD Hemodialysis, Hb Hemoglobin, sCr Serum creatinine, BUN Blood urine nitrogen, Alb Albumin, P Phosphorus, Ca Calcium, K Potassium, CRP C-reactive protein, KT/V K-dialyzer clearance of urea, t Dialysis time, V Volume of distribution of urea, nPNA Normalized protein nitrogen appearance, SNAQ Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire, PA Phase angle, SDS Standard deviation score, ECT Extracellular water, TBW Total body water, SPPB Short physical performance battery