Table 1 Baseline characteristics
Variable | Controls | CKD | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Subjects (n) | 54 | 52 | Â |
Age (years) | 48 ± 11 | 47 ± 11 | 0.7 |
Male, n (%) | 33 (61) | 32 (61) | 0.8 |
Height (cm) | 176 ± 9 | 174 ± 9 | 0.4 |
Weight (kg) | 77 ± 12 | 76 ± 16 | 1 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.9 ± 3.4 | 25.1 ± 4.0 | 0.2 |
Lean body mass (kg) | 54 ± 11 | 52 ± 11 | 0.5 |
GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 99 ± 12 | 60.3 ± 5.2 | <  0.001 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 96 ± 13 | 59 ± 13 | <  0.001 |
Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.2 ± 1.2 | 13.5 ± 1.4 | 0.02 |
Hs-CRP (mg/L) | 0.89 (0.47–2.1) | 1.60 (0.86–3.5) | 0.04 |
Diabetes, n (%) | Â | 10 (22) | NA |
24-h SBP (mmHg) | 124 ± 11 | 122 ± 14 | 0.4 |
24-h DBP (mmHg) | 78 ± 8 | 76 ± 7 | 0.4 |
Aetiology of CKD, n (%) | |||
 Familial/hereditary/congenital disease |  | 14 (27) | NA |
 Primary glomerulonephritis |  | 17 (33) | NA |
 Secondary glomerular/systemic disease |  | 9 (17) | NA |
 Miscellaneous/unknown |  | 12 (23) | NA |
Medication, n (%) | |||
 Beta blocker |  | 10 (19) | NA |
 Diuretics |  | 12 (23) | NA |
 ACE inhibitors |  | 22 (42) | NA |
 Angiotensin II blockers |  | 21 (39) | NA |
 Calcium-channel blockers |  | 10 (19) | NA |
 ESA |  | 1 (2) | NA |
 Oral cortisone |  | 2 (4) | NA |
 Iron supplementation |  | 4 (8) | NA |
Functional measurements | |||
 Peak workload (W) | 238 ± 60 | 193 ± 63 | <  0.001 |
 Peak HR (bpm) | 177 ± 11 | 161 ± 24 | <  0.001 |
 Peak RPE | 8.6 ± 1.3 | 9 ± 1.3 | 0.2 |
 Handgrip strength (kg) | 44 ± 12 | 40 ± 11 | 0.08 |