Variables | Before matching | After matching | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Corticosteroid users (n = 240) | Non-users (n = 2476) | P value | Corticosteroid users (n = 240) | Non-users (n = 960) | P value | |
Cumulative dose of prednisone, mg | 133.3 (50.0–300.0) | 0 |  | 133.3 (50.0–300.0) | 0 |  |
Baseline characteristics | ||||||
 Age, years | 55.0 (44.0–65.0) | 55.0 (43.0–65.0) | 0.949 | 55.0 (44.0–65.0) | 54.0 (40.0–67.0) | 0.800 |
 Male sex, n (%) | 158 (65.8) | 1280 (51.7) | < 0.001 | 158 (65.8) | 615 (64.1) | 0.608 |
 BMI, kg/m2 | 22.46 (20.77–24.95) | 22.32 (20.70–24.44) | 0.506 | 22.46 (20.77–24.95) | 22.45 (20.95–24.46) | 0.986 |
Preexisting clinical conditions | ||||||
 Hypertension, n (%) | 46 (19.2) | 476 (19.2) | 0.983 | 46 (19.2) | 177 (18.4) | 0.795 |
 DM, n (%) | 21 (8.8) | 208 (8.4) | 0.852 | 21 (8.8) | 82 (8.5) | 0.918 |
 CKD, n (%) | 12 (5.0) | 90 (3.6) | 0.288 | 12 (5.0) | 45 (4.7) | 0.839 |
 CHD, n (%) | 8 (3.3) | 94 (3.8) | 0.719 | 8 (3.3) | 29 (3.0) | 0.802 |
 Stroke, n (%) | 24 (10.0) | 326 (13.2) | 0.162 | 24 (10.0) | 106 (11.0) | 0.642 |
 CHF, n (%) | 8 (3.3) | 62 (2.5) | 0.439 | 8 (3.3) | 27 (2.8) | 0.668 |
 Malignancy, n (%) | 67 (27.9) | 364 (14.7) | < 0.001 | 67 (27.9) | 256 (26.7) | 0.696 |
 COPD, n (%) | 13 (5.4) | 45 (1.8) | < 0.001 | 13 (5.4) | 35 (3.6) | 0.211 |
 Chronic liver disease, n (%) | 7 (2.9) | 24 (1.0) | 0.017 | 7 (2.9) | 19 (2.0) | 0.372 |
Admission type | Â | Â | < 0.001 | Â | Â | 0.258 |
 Elective surgical, n (%) | 155 (64.6) | 1887 (76.2) |  | 155 (64.6) | 650 (67.7) |  |
 Emergency surgical, n (%) | 17 (7.1) | 205 (8.3) |  | 17 (7.1) | 84 (8.8) |  |
 Medical, n (%) | 68 (28.3) | 384 (15.5) |  | 68 (28.3) | 226 (23.5) |  |
Baseline eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 103.70 (89.81–115.39) | 100.23 (85.83–112.60) | 0.036 | 103.70 (89.81–115.39) | 103.19 (88.62–116.34) | 0.875 |
Baseline SCr, umol/L | 63.85 (54.00–76.53) | 65.00 (53.36–79.69) | 0.639 | 63.85 (54.00–76.53) | 64.00 (51.60–79.50) | 0.742 |
SCr at ICU admission umol/L | 76.17 (64.00–92.15) | 73.00 (59.40–91.80) | 0.056 | 76.17 (64.00–92.15) | 76.00 (60.03–96.00) | 0.708 |
Serum albumin, g/L | 30.45 (26.60–33.80) | 31.60 (27.50–35.00) | 0.001 | 30.45 (26.60–33.80) | 30.30 (26.36–34.00) | 0.999 |
APACHE II score | 11 (7.0–18.0) | 9 (6.0–14.0) | < 0.001 | 11.0 (7.0–18.0) | 11 (7.0–16.0) | 0.537 |
Primary outcomes | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Total AKI, n (%) | 88 (36.7) | 546 (22.1) | < 0.001 | 88 (36.7) | 334 (34.8) | 0.586 |
 Established AKI, n (%) | 29 (12.1) | 192 (7.8) | 0.019 | 29 (12.1) | 128 (13.3) | 0.608 |
 Later-onset AKI, n (%) | 59 (24.6) | 354 (14.3) | < 0.001 | 59 (24.6) | 206 (21.5) | 0.297 |
 Grade of AKI, |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  | 0.486 |
  Non-AKI, n (%) | 152 (63.3) | 1930 (77.9) |  | 152 (63.3) | 626 (65.2) |  |
  Mild AKI, n (%) | 50 (20.8) | 351 (14.2) |  | 50 (20.8) | 205 (21.4) |  |
  Severe AKI, n (%) | 38 (15.8) | 195 (7.9) |  | 38 (15.8) | 129 (13.4) |  |