Skip to main content

Table 2 Demographic and clinical features in different SIS groups

From: Elevation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein levels reflects renal interstitial inflammation in drug-induced acute tubulointerstitial nephritis

Variables

Total

N = 81

Low-SIS

N = 23

Medium-SIS

N = 24

High-SIS

N = 34

P-value

Female, n(%)

51 (63.0)

11 (47.8)

16 (66.7)

24 (70.6)

0.197

Age (year)

45.4 ± 12.9

44.4 ± 13.2

47.5 ± 13.1

44.5 ± 12.96

0.643

Disease course (day)a

30 (14, 63)

30 (20, 52)

30 (20, 57)

17 (10, 60)

0.798

Allergic history, n(%)

20 (24.7)

6 (26.1)

6 (25.0)

8 (23.5)

0.975

Fever, n(%)

37 (45.7)

8 (34.8)

11 (45.8)

18 (52.9)

0.402

Rash, n(%)

13 (16.0)

4 (17.4)

3 (12.5)

6 (17.6)

0.847

AKD, n(%)

77 (95.1)

19 (82.6)

20 (100.0)*

27 (100.0)*

0.005

RRT, n(%)

18 (22.2)

1 (4.3)

9 (37.5)*

8 (23.5)*

0.023

Oliguria, n(%)

7 (8.6)

0 (0)

2 (8.3)

5 (14.7)

0.064

Suspected drug, n(%)

 Beta-lactams

37 (45.7)

11 (47.8)

8 (33.3)

18 (52.9)

0.326

 Herbal medicine

32 (39.5)

13 (56.5)

10 (41.7)

9 (26.5)

0.072

 NSAIDs

26 (32.1)

7 (30.4)

7 (29.2)

12 (35.3)

0.868

 PPIs

6 (7.4)

2 (8.7)

4 (16.7)

0 (0.0)#

0.023

Laboratory tests

 SCr at peak (μmol/L)

322 (220, 531)

269 (158, 329)

417 (242, 646) *

358 (248, 521) *

0.021

 SCr at biopsy (μmol/L)

249 (160, 386)

151 (118, 235)

274 (205, 585) *

321 (185, 449) *

< 0.001

 Hematuria, n (%)

21 (25.9)

3 (13.0)

9 (37.5)

9 (26.5)

0.160

 Leukocyturia, n (%)

46 (56.8)

8 (34.8)

11 (45.8)

27 (79.4)* #

0.002

 UTP (g/24 h)

1.1 (0.5, 1.5)

0.6 (0.2, 1.3)

1.1 (0.3, 1.5)

1.2 (0.9, 1.6) *

0.038

 U-NAG (U/L)

26 (15, 47)

37 (16, 57)

20 (13, 33)

25 (15, 48)

0.215

 U-α1MG (mg/L)

171 (74, 238)

76 (26, 218)

154 (73, 252)

206 (136, 271) *

0.031

 U-mAlb (mg/L)

64 (36, 134)

49 (15, 134)

60 (36, 110)

75 (56, 159)

0.147

 Renal glycosuria, n (%)

62 (76.5)

15 (65.2)

18 (75.0)

29 (85.3)

0.210

 U-Osm decrease, n(%)

60 (74.1)

14 (60.9)

20 (83.3)

26 (76.5)

0.196

 RTA, n (%)

43 (53.1)

6 (26.1)

15 (62.5) *

22 (64.7) *

0.009

 Hemoglobin (g/L)

104.0 ± 16.6

114.7 ± 14.0

103.0 ± 20.2*

97.5 ± 12.6*

0.001

 Hypokalemia, n (%)

37 (45.7)

9 (39.1)

10 (41.7)

18 (52.9)

0.853

 ESR (mm/h)

61.0 ± 37.1

25.6 ± 14.3

48.8 ± 25.6*

91.5 ± 28.5*#

< 0.001

 CRP (mg/L)

9.7 (3.6, 25.1)

1.9 (1.3, 3.6)

6.7 (4.9, 13.4) *

27.6 (12.3, 49.0)*#

< 0.001

 IgG (g/L)

15.6 ± 4.4

14.0 ± 4.0

15.2 ± 3.3

16.9 ± 5.7

0.681

 C3 (mg/L)

1.1 ± 0.3

0.9 ± 0.2

1.1 ± 0.2*

1.3 ± 0.2*#

< 0.001

  1. Abbreviations: SIS systemic inflammatory score; AKD acute kidney disease; RRT renal replacement therapy; NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PPIs proton pump inhibitors; sCr serum creatinine; eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate; UTP urinary total protein; U-KIM1 urinary kidney injury molecular 1; U-NAG urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase; U-α1MG urinary α1 microglobulin; U-mAlb urinary microalbumin; U-Osm urinary osmolality; RTA renal tubular acidosis; IgG immunoglobulin G; C3 complement 3
  2. Normal range: U-NAG (0.3–12) U/L, U-α1MG (0–12) mg/L, U-mAlb (0–19) mg/L, ESR (0–15) mm/h, CRP (0–8) mg/L, IgG (7.2–16.9) g/L, C3 (0.6–1.5) mg/L
  3. a Disease course was defined as the interval from initiation of drug use to the diagnostic biopsy
  4. *compared with low-SIS group, P < 0.05; # compared with medium-SIS group, P < 0.05
Back to article page

BMC Nephrology

ISSN: 1471-2369

Contact us