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Table 3 Traditional HRV measurements and CI over 4-h continuous ECG recordings for ESRD patients and healthy control subjects

From: Heart rhythm complexity as predictors for the prognosis of end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis

Variables

ESRD patients

(n = 51)

Healthy control subjects

(n = 51)

P value

Traditional HRV analysis

 Mean RR (msec)

779 (733–858)

754 (690–836)

0.137

 SDNN (msec)

36 (28–50)

71 (59–95)

< 0.001

 RMSSD (msec)

12 (8–15)

18 (13–29)

< 0.001

 pNN50 (%)

0.14 (0.02–1.06)

1.77 (0.42–6.64)

< 0.001

 VLF (msec2)

18 (10–41)

68 (45–142)

< 0.001

 LF (msec2)

50 (23–178)

333 (234–790)

< 0.001

 HF (msec2)

34 (14–65)

106 (46–270)

< 0.001

 TP (msec2)

109 (55–280)

511 (376–1232)

< 0.001

 lnVLF (msec2)

2.88 (2.32–3.69)

4.23 (3.85–4.84)

< 0.001

 lnLF (msec2)

3.91 (3.17–5.17)

5.81 (5.46–6.61)

< 0.001

 lnHF (msec2)

3.51 (2.68–4.13)

4.67 (3.86–5.48)

< 0.001

 lnTP (msec2)

4.69 (4.10–5.62)

6.24 (5.94–7.11)

< 0.001

 LF/HF

1.68 (0.84–3.96)

3.42 (2.37–6.85)

< 0.001

 SD1 (msec)

8 (5–10)

12 (9–20)

< 0.001

 SD2 (msec)

14 (10–23)

31 (26–47)

< 0.001

 ApEn

1.47 (1.36–1.52)

1.36 (1.27–1.46)

< 0.001

 α1

1.07 (0.83–1.26)

1.32 (1.15–1.49)

< 0.001

 α2

0.62 (0.49–0.71)

0.52 (0.46–0.61)

0.005

MSE analysis

 Slope 5

0.04 (−0.04–0.08)

0.10 (0.07–0.15)

< 0.001

 Area 1–5

3.90 (3.29–4.49)

4.39 (3.95–5.24)

0.004

 Area 6–15

11.62 (9.13–12.85)

12.63 (11.42–13.65)

0.013

 Area 6–20

18.10 (14.34–20.28)

19.79 (18.19–21.70)

0.017

  1. ESRD end-stage renal disease, HRV heart rate variability, Mean RR mean heartbeat intervals, SDNN standard deviation of the heartbeat intervals, RMSSD square root of the mean of sum of squares of the differences between adjacent heartbeat intervals, pNN50 percentage of the absolute change in consecutive heartbeat interval exceeds 50 ms, VLF very low frequency, LF low frequency, HF high frequency, TP total power, ApEn approximate entropy, MSE multiscale entropy