Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population
Characteristic | Total cohort N = 367 | sST2 < 35 ng/ml N = 197 | sST2 ≥ 35 ng/ml N = 170 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years); median (IQR) | 47 (38, 60) | 44 (37, 58) | 49 (38, 60) | 0.138 |
Male sex; n (%) | 234 (63.8) | 113 (57.4) | 121 (71.2) | 0.008 |
Primary renal disease; n (%) | ||||
Glomerular disease | 90 (24.5) | 48 (24.4) | 42 (24.7) | 1.000 |
Interstitial disease & pyelonephritis | 79 (21.5) | 47 (23.9) | 32 (18.8) | 0.297 |
Polycystic kidney disease | 48 (13.1) | 20 (10.2) | 28 (16.5) | 0.102 |
Diabetic nephropathy | 23 (6.3) | 12 (6.1) | 11 (6.5) | 1.000 |
Aetiology unknown | 51 (13.9) | 26 (13.2) | 25 (14.7) | 0.791 |
Other | 76 (20.7) | 44 (22.3) | 32 (18.8) | 0.485 |
Number of grafts–including current (%) | ||||
1 | 314 (85.6) | 170 (86.3) | 144 (84.7) | 0.777 |
2 | 47 (12.8) | 26 (13.2) | 21 (12.4) | 0.932 |
3 | 5 (1.4) | 1 (0.5) | 4 (2.4) | 0.187 |
4 | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.6) | 0.463 |
Donor type; n (%) | ||||
DBD | 341 (92.9) | 182 (92.4) | 159 (93.5) | 0.824 |
Living-related | 26 (7.1) | 15 (7.6) | 11 (6.5) | |
Time (months); median (IQR) | ||||
Total RRT (dialysis + transplant) | 125 (69, 193) | 120 (65, 193) | 129 (76, 190.3) | 0.193 |
Post-transplant | 94 (43, 195) | 94 (42.5, 169.5) | 103.5 (45, 157.5) | 0.673 |
Immunosuppression; n (%) | ||||
Steroid use | 282 (76.8) | 139 (70.6) | 143 (84.1) | 0.003 |
CNI use | 246 (67.0) | 130 (66.0) | 116 (68.2) | 0.730 |
Sirolimus use | 11 (3.0) | 5 (2.5) | 6 (3.5) | 0.804 |
Current smokers; n (%) | 67 (18.3) | 42 (21.3) | 25 (14.7) | 0.134 |
History of diabetes mellitus; n (%) | 50 (13.6) | 28 (14.2) | 22 (12.9) | 0.840 |
History of hypertension; n (%) | 295 (80.4) | 154 (78.2) | 141 (82.9) | 0.310 |
Statin use; n (%) | 154 (42.0) | 82 (41.6) | 72 (42.4) | 0.972 |
BMI (kg/m2); mean (SD) | 26.6 (4.5) | 26.7 (5.0) | 26.4 (4.0) | 0.721 |
Left ventricular hypertrophy; n (%) | 71 (20.8) | 38 (20.2) | 33 (21.4) | 0.887 |
History of cardiovascular disease; n (%) | 80 (21.8) | 34 (17.3) | 46 (27.1) | 0.032 |
Ischaemic heart disease | 55 (15.0) | 23 (11.7) | 32 (18.8) | 0.077 |
Stroke | 20 (5.4) | 9 (4.6) | 11 (6.5) | 0.569 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 24 (6.5) | 8 (4.1) | 16 (9.4) | 0.063 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L); mean (SD) | 5.3 (1.0) | 5.3 (1.0) | 5.2 (1.0) | 0.371 |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L); mean (SD) | 1.4 (0.4) | 1.4 (0.4) | 1.4 (0.4) | 0.866 |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L); mean (SD) | 3.0 (0.8) | 3.0 (0.8) | 3.0 (0.8) | 0.340 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L); mean (SD) | 2.0 (1.2) | 2.0 (1.3) | 1.9 (1.0) | 0.582 |
Creatinine (μmol/L); mean (SD) | 145.6 (69.7) | 143 (67) | 149 (73) | 0.449 |
eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2); mean (SD) | 52.4 (20.5) | 52 (19) | 52 (22) | 0.955 |
CKD stage; n (%) | ||||
1&2 (eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73m2) | 117 (31.9) | 68 (34.5) | 49 (28.8) | 0.291 |
3 (eGFR 30–59 ml/min/1.73m2) | 201 (54.8) | 100 (50.8) | 101 (59.4) | 0.120 |
4 (eGFR 15–29 ml/min/1.73m2) | 42 (11.4) | 25 (12.7) | 17 (10.0) | 0.520 |
5 (eGFR < 15 ml/min/1.73m2) | 7 (1.9) | 4 (2.0) | 3 (1.8) | 1.000 |
Proteinuria (mg/24 h)a; median (IQR) | 200 (100, 500) | 200 (100, 400) | 200 (100, 700) | 0.029 |
Proteinuria categorya; n (%) | ||||
Normal – mild (≤ 150 mg/24 h) | 144 (42.0) | 88 (47.8) | 56 (35.2) | 0.024 |
Moderate (151–499 mg/24 h) | 113 (32.9) | 60 (32.6) | 53 (33.3) | 0.978 |
Severe (≥ 500 mg/24 h) | 86 (25.1) | 36 (19.6) | 50 (31.4) | 0.016 |
Haemoglobin (g/dl); mean (SD) | 12.8 (1.8) | 12.8 (1.6) | 12.7 (2.1) | 0.361 |
HbA1c (%); mean (SD) | 6.2 (1.1) | 6.1 (1.2) | 6.3 (1.1) | 0.174 |
hsCRP (mg/L); median (IQR) | 1.7 (0.7, 4.7) | 1.6 (0.7, 4.4) | 1.8 (0.7, 5.3) | 0.293 |