Fig. 2
From: Copeptin is independently associated with vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease stage 5
Mechanisms of vascular calcification in CKD. In the setting of uraemic milieu, activation of renin-angiotensin and vasopressin systems, upregulation of sodium-dependent phosphate transporter Pit-1 promotes osteochondrocytic transformation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) and, in consequence, accelerated vascular calcification. Dashed lines show possible copeptin links with the process