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Table 2 Identification PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 expressing cells in the kidney

From: PD-1 immunobiology in glomerulonephritis and renal cell carcinoma

Cell

Marker

Human

Mouse

Dendritic cells in the interstitium and renal draining lymph [15]

PD-L1, PD-L2

 

Fluorescently labeled dextrans or OT-I cells injected into intravenously injected into C57BL/6, OT-I.RAG−/−, Thy1.1, and/or Rag−/− mice

Human primary renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) [6]

PD-L1, PD-L2

Primary cultures of human TECs generated from healthy parts of tumor nephrectomies.

 

Immunotherapy patient TECs [9]

PD-L1

Kidney biopsies from anti-PD-1 immunotherapy patients that developed acute interstitial nephritis exhibit elevated TEC PD-L1 staining compared to those with acute tubular necrosis

 

Glomerulonephritis macrophages [55]

PD-L1

 

The lupus-prone NZM mouse strain +/- anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies

Clear cell RCC macrophages [81]

PD-L1, PD-L2

A mass cytometry-based atlas of 73 RCC tumor samples compared to five normal kidney controls

 

Unknown cell source in clear cell RCC patients [82]

Soluble PD-L1

Sera soluble PD-L1 levels from 172 RCC patients correlates with pathologic features and patient outcome

 

Clear cell RCC and non-clear cell RCC tumors [83]

PD-L1, PD-L2

In 425 resected RCCs, PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression is variable among histologic subtypes and associated with adverse outcomes in ccRCC

 

CD4+CD25hiFOXP3+

(Tregs) in RCC patients [84]

PD-1

Primary tumor Tregs in 42 RCC patients displayed elevated PD-1 compared to cells in the peripheral blood of RCC patients and 15 healthy donors

 

CD8+ T cells in RCC [85]

PD-1

In situ immunofluorescence spectral imaging of RCC tissue from nephrectomy

revealed co-expression of PD-1 and TIM-3 on CD8+ associates with a more aggressive phenotype

 
  1. Shown are details of PD1, PD-L1 and PD-L1 identification in renal tumors and kidney cells from humans and mice, as described in nine published reports