From: PD-1 immunobiology in glomerulonephritis and renal cell carcinoma
Cell | Marker | Human | Mouse |
---|---|---|---|
Dendritic cells in the interstitium and renal draining lymph [15] | PD-L1, PD-L2 |  | Fluorescently labeled dextrans or OT-I cells injected into intravenously injected into C57BL/6, OT-I.RAG−/−, Thy1.1, and/or Rag−/− mice |
Human primary renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) [6] | PD-L1, PD-L2 | Primary cultures of human TECs generated from healthy parts of tumor nephrectomies. | Â |
Immunotherapy patient TECs [9] | PD-L1 | Kidney biopsies from anti-PD-1 immunotherapy patients that developed acute interstitial nephritis exhibit elevated TEC PD-L1 staining compared to those with acute tubular necrosis | Â |
Glomerulonephritis macrophages [55] | PD-L1 | Â | The lupus-prone NZM mouse strain +/- anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies |
Clear cell RCC macrophages [81] | PD-L1, PD-L2 | A mass cytometry-based atlas of 73 RCC tumor samples compared to five normal kidney controls | Â |
Unknown cell source in clear cell RCC patients [82] | Soluble PD-L1 | Sera soluble PD-L1 levels from 172 RCC patients correlates with pathologic features and patient outcome | Â |
Clear cell RCC and non-clear cell RCC tumors [83] | PD-L1, PD-L2 | In 425 resected RCCs, PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression is variable among histologic subtypes and associated with adverse outcomes in ccRCC | Â |
CD4+CD25hiFOXP3+ (Tregs) in RCC patients [84] | PD-1 | Primary tumor Tregs in 42 RCC patients displayed elevated PD-1 compared to cells in the peripheral blood of RCC patients and 15 healthy donors | Â |
CD8+ T cells in RCC [85] | PD-1 | In situ immunofluorescence spectral imaging of RCC tissue from nephrectomy revealed co-expression of PD-1 and TIM-3 on CD8+ associates with a more aggressive phenotype | Â |