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Table 2 Cox Proportional Hazard Model for Relationship of Cumulative Social Determinant of Health Score on Mortality

From: The cumulative impact of social determinants of health factors on mortality in adults with diabetes and chronic kidney disease

 

Unadjusted

Adjusted for Demographics

Adjusted for Demographics and Lifestyle

Adjusted for Demographics, Lifestyle, Glycemic Control and Comorbidities

Hazard Ratio (95% CI)

P- Value

Hazard Ratio (95% CI)

P- Value

Hazard Ratio (95% CI)

P- Value

Hazard Ratio (95% CI)

P- Value

SDOH cumulative score

1.11 (0.97–1.28)

0.13

a1.41 (1.18–1.67)

< 0.01

a1.39 (1.18–1.64)

< 0.01

a1.41 (1.18–1.68)

< 0.01

Gender

Female (ref Male)

  

a0.69 (0.51–0.94)

0.02

a0.61 (0.45–0.84)

< 0.01

a0.65 (0.46–0.91)

0.01

Age at Screening

(Increase 1 year)

  

a1.06 (1.05–1.07)

< 0.01

a1.06 (1.04–1.07)

< 0.01

a1.05 (1.04–1.06)

< 0.01

Race (ref non-Hispanic White)

   

0.03

 

0.02

 

0.03

non-Hispanic Black

  

0.84 (0.61–1.14)

 

0.83 (0.61–1.12)

 

0.82 (0.60–1.11)

 

Other

  

a0.66 (0.48–0.90)

 

a0.64 (0.47–0.88)

 

a0.65 (0.48–0.90)

 

Education level

(Increase 1 level)

  

0.93 (0.84–1.02)

0.13

0.97 (0.88–1.08)

0.60

1.00 (0.90–1.10)

0.93

Insurance coverage

No (ref Yes)

  

0.67 (0.32–1.42)

0.29

0.74 (0.34–1.57)

0.42

0.69 (0.31–1.53)

0.36

Lifestyle Factors

Physical activity

Moderate to Vigorous (ref none)

    

a0.51 (0.38–0.69)

< 0.01

a0.52 (0.37–0.73)

< 0.01

Smoking status

Former or Current Smoker (ref none)

    

a1.38 (1.08–1.76)

< 0.01

a1.35 (1.05–1.74)

0.02

Drinking status

Moderate or above Drinker (ref none)

    

a0.61 (0.45–0.82)

< 0.01

a0.59 (0.43–0.82)

< 0.01

Glycemic Control

Hemoglobin A1c (%) (Increase 1%)

      

a1.09 (1.01–1.18)

0.03

Comorbidity

Hypertension (Ref No Hypertension)

      

1.00 (0.71–1.42)

1.00

Heart disease (Ref No Heart Disease)

      

a1.75 (1.35–2.32)

< 0.01

Stroke (Ref No Stroke)

      

0.99 (0.64–1.54)

0.96

Cancer (Ref No Cancer)

      

a1.45 (1.03–2.02)

0.03

  1. aIndicates significant hazard ratio