Table 4 Cox Proportional Hazard Model for Relationship of Individual Social Determinant of Health Measures on Mortality

Ratio of family income to poverty group

0.05

≤130% of poverty level (ref > 130% of poverty level)

1.29 (0.96–1.74)

^a1.46 (1.04–2.05)

1.31 (0.97–1.79)

1.40 (1.00–1.97)

Household food security group

0.09

Food insecure (ref Food secure)

0.70 (0.49–1.00)

1.27 (0.90–1.80)

1.42 (0.99–2.04)

1.41 (0.95–2.07)

Depression group

< 0.01

Mild to Severe depression (ref No depression 0–4)

^a1.33 (1.04–1.71)

^a1.44 (1.12–1.86)

^a1.45 (1.12–1.86)

^a1.41 (1.10–1.82)

Gender Female (ref Male)

^a0.69 (0.51–0.93)

^a0.61 (0.45–0.84)

^a0.65 (0.46–0.91)

0.01

Age at Screening (Increase 1 year)

^a1.06 (1.05–1.07)

^a1.06 (1.04–1.07)

^a1.05 (1.04–1.06)

< 0.01

Race (ref non-Hispanic White)

0.04

non-Hispanic Black

0.84 (0.62–1.15)

0.83 (0.61–1.13)

0.82 (0.60–1.12)

Other

^a0.66 (0.48–0.90)

^a0.65 (0.47–0.89)

^a0.66 (0.47–0.91)

Education level (Increase 1 level)

0.93 (0.84–1.03)

0.97 (0.88–1.08)

1.00 (0.90–1.10)

0.93

Insurance coverage No (ref Yes)

0.67 (0.32–1.43)

0.74 (0.35–1.57)

0.69 (0.31–1.52)

0.36

Physical activity Moderate to Vigorous (ref none)

^a0.51 (0.38–0.69)

^a0.52 (0.37–0.74)

< 0.01

Smoking status Former or Current Smoker (ref none)

^a1.38 (1.09–1.76)

^a1.35 (1.05–1.74)

0.02

Drinking status Moderate or above Drinker (ref none)

^a0.61 (0.45–0.81)

^a0.59 (0.43–0.82)

< 0.01

Hemoglobin A1c (%) (Increase 1%)

^a1.09 (1.01–1.18)

0.03

Hypertension (Ref No Hypertension)

2.00 (0.71–1.42)

0.99

Heart disease (Ref No Heart Disease)

^a1.76 (1.33–2.34)

< 0.01

Stroke (Ref no Stroke)

0.99 (0.64–1.53)

0.96

Cancer (Ref No Cancer)

^a1.44 (1.04–2.02)

0.03