Table 1 Baseline characteristics of included studies
Author | Country | Type of Surgery | Dialysis type | Total number of patients in study (n) | Mean age years (SD) or Median age [IQR] | Ischemic heart disease (%) | Diabetes (%) | Outcomes reported | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal kidney function | Dialysis patients | Normal kidney function | Dialysis patients | Normal kidney function | Dialysis patients | Normal kidney function | Dialysis patients | Â | ||||
Cardiac Surgery | ||||||||||||
 Al Sarraf, 2011 | Ireland | Coronary artery bypass graft & Valve | Unspecified | 3,276 | 45 | 63.2 (10.2) | 62 (12.3) | 2,763 (84.3) | 36 (80) | 560 (17.1) | 10 (22.2) | Stroke, Sepsis, Pneumonia, Return to Operating theatre, Blood transfusion |
 Charytan, 2007 | USA | Coronary artery bypass graft & Valve | Both | 77,323 | 635 | 66.1a | 62.9a | 14,619 (18.9) | 253 (39.8) | 23,208 (30.0) | 367 (57.8) | Stroke, Sepsis, Pneumonia, |
 Chikwe,2010 | USA | Coronary artery bypass graft | Unspecified | 2,803 | 96 | 65.6 (0.7) | 63.3 (10.7) | 1,398 (49.9) | 52 (54.2) | 1,092 (38.9) | 69 (71.9) | Myocardial infarction, Stroke, Sepsis, Surgical site infection, Pneumonia, Return to Operating theatre |
 Cooper, 2006 | USA | Coronary artery bypass graft & Valve | Unspecified | 104,880 | 7,152 | 58.9a | 63a | 9,439 (8.9) | 1,595 (22.3) | 31,464 (30) | 4,363 (61.0) | Stroke, Sepsis, Surgical site infection, Return to Operating theatre |
 Fukushima, 2005 | Japan | Coronary artery bypass graft | HD | 451 | 20 | 67.2 (8) | 63.9 (8) | 451 (100) | 20 (100) | 243 (53.9) | 13 (65) | Stroke, Pneumonia |
 Griffin, 2019 | USA | Coronary artery bypass and valve | HD | 1,416 | 35 | 62.6 (14.3) | 58.8 (13.0) | 1,416 (100) | 35 (100) | 434 (30.7) | 22 (62.9) | Surgical site infection, Sepsis, Pneumonia, Stroke, |
 Kan, 2004 | Taiwan | Coronary artery bypass graft | Both | 69 | 23 | 63.8 (11.2) | 63.8 (9.9) | 23 (33.3) | 23 (100) | 34 (49.3) | 15 (65.2) | Sepsis, Surgical site infection, Return to Operating theatre |
 Murai, 2007 | Japan | Coronary artery bypass graft | HD | 60 | 39 | 67.2 (7.9) | 63.2 (10.2) | 60 (100) | 39 (100) | NR | NR | Blood transfusion |
 Rahmanian, 2008 | USA | Coronary artery bypass graft | Unspecified | 6,449 | 245 | 63.9 (13.8) | 61.3 (13.2) | 1,548 (30.1) | 81 (33.1) | 1,548 (24.0) | 104 (42.4) | Myocardial infarction, Stroke, Sepsis, Surgical site infection, Return to Operating theatre, Blood transfusion |
 Raza, 2017 | USA | Valve surgery | HD | 199 | 144 | 58a | 55a | NR | NR | NR | NR | Myocardial infarction, Stroke, Sepsis, Return to Operating theatre |
 Yamauchi, 2012 | Japan | Coronary artery bypass graft | HD | 18,387 | 1300 | 68.7 (9.4) | 65.4 (9.2) | NR | NR | 8,826 (48.0) | 854 (65.7) | Stroke, Sepsis, Surgical site infection, Pneumonia, Return to Operating theatre, DVT/PE, Blood transfusion |
 Wong, 2003 | Canada | Coronary artery bypass graft | Unspecified | 70 | 35 | 64 (11) | 64 (11) | 32 (45.7) | 14 (40) | 31 (44.3) | 8 (22.9) | Myocardial infarction, Stroke, Surgical site infection, Return to Operating theatre, Blood transfusion |
 Vasileva, 2014 | USA | Cardiac Valve surgery | Unspecified | 85,083 | 1,480 | 63 [52–72] | 55 [45–65] | NR | NR | 10,295 (12.1) | 463 (31.3) | Stroke, Surgical site infection, Pneumonia, Return to Operating theatre, Blood transfusion |
 Thourani, 2012 | USA | Coronary artery bypass graft and Valve | Haemodialysis | 5,084 | 224 | 61 (14.8) | 54 (14.0) | 798 (15.7) | 46 (20.5) | 933 (18.4) | 87 (38.8) | Myocardial infarction, Stroke, Sepsis, Surgical site infection, Pneumonia, Return to Operating theatre |
General Surgery | ||||||||||||
 Andalib, 2016 | USA | Bariatric procedures | Both | 113,677 | 234 | 44.7 (11.6) | 47.3 (10.4) | 154 (0.1) | 1 (0.4) | 30,602 (26.9) | 112 (47.9) | Myocardial infarction, Stroke, Sepsis, Surgical site infection, Pneumonia, Return to Operating theatre, DVT/PE, Blood transfusion |
 Barbas, 2014 | USA | Hepatobiliary | Both | 27,275 | 101 | 62 [53–71] | 60 [53–68] | 2,204 (8.1) | 17 (16.8) | 5,431 (19.9) | 48 (47.5) | Myocardial infarction, Stroke, Sepsis, Surgical site infection, Pneumonia, Return to Operating theatre, DVT/PE |
 Cherng, 2013 | Taiwan | General | Both | 8,937 | 8,937 | 65a | 65.5a | 3,965 (44.4) | 3,930 (43.9) | 4,628 (51.8) | 4,589 (51.3) | Myocardial infarction, Stroke, Sepsis, Surgical site infection, Pneumonia |
 Cloyd, 2014 | USA | General | HD | 24,110 | 149 | 61.3 (15.5) | 62.3 (13.4) | NR | NR | NR | NR | Myocardial infarction, Stroke, Sepsis, Surgical site infection, Pneumonia, DVT/PE |
 Ekici, 2009 | Turkey | Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy | PD | 33 | 11 | 45.6 (11) | 44.2 (9.1) | NR | NR | NR | NR | Sepsis, Surgical site infection, Blood transfusion |
 Gajdos, 2013 | USA | General surgery | Both | 164,094 | 1,506 | 55.4 (16.8) | 59.6 (15.1) | 1,590 (1.0) | 100 (6.6) | 26,764 (16.3) | 583 (38.7) | Myocardial infarction, Stroke, Surgical site infection, Pneumonia, Return to Operating theatre, DVT/PE |
 Hu, 2015 | USA | Colorectal Surgery (General) | Unspecified | 42,138 | 265 | 70 [31–90] | 67 [19–90] | NR | NR | 131 (49.4) | 7760 (18.4) | Myocardial infarction, Stroke, Sepsis, Surgical site infection, Pneumonia, Return to Operating theatre, DVT/PE, Blood transfusion |
 Manrique, 2017 | Taiwan | Skin grafting for head and neck reconstruction | Unspecified | 841 | 85 | 55.9 (10.0) | 56.3 (10.5) | NR | NR | 139 (16.5) | 52 (61.2) | Myocardial infarction, Stroke, Sepsis, Surgical site infection, Pneumonia, DVT/PE |
 Montgomery, 2019 | USA | Bariatric surgery | Unspecified | 417,403 | 1,244 | 44.2 [35.7–53.3] | 49.0 [41.6–55.8] | 12,497 (3.0) | 199 (16.0) | 109,509 (26.2) | 690 (55.5) | Myocardial infarction, stroke, pneumonia, DVT/PE, Surgical site infection, Sepsis, Blood transfusion, Return to Operating theatre |
 Rao, 2014 | USA | Cholecystectomy | Unspecified | 80,483 | 512 | 48.9 (17.4) | 59.8 (14.9) | 563 (0.7) | 26 (0.1) | 8,853 (11.0) | 235 (45.9) | Myocardial infarction, Stroke, Sepsis, Surgical site infection, Pneumonia, Return to Operating theatre, DVT/PE, Blood transfusion |
 Schneider, 2009 | USA | General | Unspecified | 108 | 54 | 59.8a | 59.3a | NR | NR | NR | NR | Stroke, Sepsis, Surgical site infection |
 Tam, 2015 | USA | Ventral hernia (General) | Unspecified | 90,993 | 700 | 53.5 (14.5) | 56.7 (13.5) | 7,097 (7.8) | 160 (22.9) | 12,189 (13.4) | 214 (30.6) | Myocardial infarction, Stroke, Sepsis, Surgical site infection, Pneumonia, Return to Operating theatre, DVT/PE, Blood transfusion |
Orthopaedic Surgery | ||||||||||||
 Cancienne, 2019 | USA | Shoulder arthroplasty | Both | 3,675 | 1,225 | 67.5a | 67.5a | 2,570 (69.9) | 881 (71.9) | 2,766 (75.3) | 922 (75.3) | Sepsis, Return to Operating theatre |
 Chikuda, 2012 | Japan | Spinal surgery | HD | 50,779 | 869 | 62.3 (15.6) | 64.3 (8.2) | 2,597 (5.1) | 126 (14.5) | 6252 (12.3) | 166 (19.1) | Myocardial infarction, Stroke, Sepsis, Surgical site infection, Pneumonia, DVT/PE |
 Chung, 2017 | USA | Spinal surgery | Unspecified | 2,522,594 | 1,834 | 59.9 (14.7) | 64.2 (11.6) | 48,814 (1.9) | 273 (14.9) | 421,178 (16.7) | 907 (49.5) | Myocardial infarction, Stroke, Sepsis, Pneumonia, DVT/PE, Blood transfusion |
 Hickson, 2018 | USA | Hip arthroplasty | Both | 1,508 | 377 | 78 [68–85] | 77 [67–84] | NR | NR | 648 (43.0) | 162 (43.0) | Surgical site infection, Pneumonia, DVT/PE, Myocardial infarction, Sepsis |
 Inoue, 2018 | Japan | Spinal Surgery | Unspecified | 863 | 90 | 72.3 [30–92] | 69.9 [48–68] | 109 (12.6) | 16 (17.8) | 201 (23.3) | 27 (30) | Surgical site infection, Myocardial infarction, Stroke, Blood transfusion |
 Lin, 2019 | Taiwan | Hip Hemiarthroplasty | Unspecified | 19,954 | 1,311 | 73.5 ± 11.2 | 70.7 ± 8.8 | 3,913 (19.6) | 466 (35.5) | NR | NR | Surgical site infection, Pneumonia, Blood transfusion, Return to Operating theatre |
 Lizaur-Utrilla, 2016 | Spain | Arthroplasty | HD | 30 | 15 | 70.1 [58–72] | 69.3 [56–72] | 8 (26.7) | 4 (26.7) | 7 (23.3) | 6 (40) | Myocardial infarction, Sepsis, Surgical site infection, Pneumonia, DVT/PE, Blood transfusion |
 Ottesen, 2018 | USA | Spinal surgery | Unspecified | 173,311 | 467 | 57.0 (5.5) | 63 (7.0) | NR | NR | NR | NR | Myocardial infarction, Stroke, Sepsis, Surgical site infection, Pneumonia, Return to Operating theatre, DVT/PE |
 Ottesen, 2018 | USA | Total knee arthroplasty | Unspecified | 163,560 | 250 | 67.0 (7.0) | 68.0 (7.0) | NR | NR | NR | NR | Myocardial infarction, Stroke, Sepsis, Surgical site infection, Pneumonia, Return to Operating theatre, DVT/PE |
 Ponumsamy, 2015 | USA | Arthroplasty | Unspecified | 6,186,475 | 2,934 | 66.8 (0.1) | 66.7 (0.6) | NR | NR | NR | NR | Surgical site infection, Blood transfusion |
 Yu, 2011 | Taiwan | Spinal surgery (Orthopaedic) | HD | 34 | 43 | 61.5 (8.1) | 62.5 (8.1) | NR | NR | 3 (8.8) | 7 (16.3) | Sepsis, Return to Operating theatre, Blood transfusion |
Vascular surgery | ||||||||||||
 Ambur, 2019 | USA | Lower extremity bypass | Both | 6,101 | 550 | 68.2 (11.7) | 66.4 (10.7) | 188 (3.0) | 42 (7.6) | 2,924 (47.9) | 349 (63.5) | Myocardial infarction, Return to Operating theatre |
 Balceniuk, 2019 | USA | Distal lower extremity bypass | Both | 12,006 | 1,014 | 68.4a | 67.3a | 209 (2.0) | 29 (3.0) | 5501 (57.0) | 784 (81.0) | Myocardial infarction, Stroke |
 Gajdos, 2013 | USA | Vascular procedures involving both peripheral arteries, carotid and aorta. | Both | 34,813 | 1,409 | 70.3 (10.8) | 64.3 (13.8) | 7,129 (20.5) | 335 (23.8) | 9,029 (25.9) | 726 (51.5) | Myocardial infarction, Stroke, Sepsis, Surgical site infection, Return to Operating theatre, DVT/PE |
 Hibino, 2016 | Japan | Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (Vascular) | HD | 679 | 21 | 65.7 (13) | 63.5 (15.5) | NR | NR | 79 (11.6) | 9 (42.9) | Stroke, Sepsis, Surgical site infection, Pneumonia, Return to Operating theatre, Blood transfusion |
 Hickson, 2018 | USA | Lower extremity amputation | Unspecified | 5,302 | 1,166 | 68.0 (11.0) | 65.0 (7.5) | NR | NR | 3,085 (58.2) | 882 (75.6) | Myocardial infarction, Sepsis, Surgical site infection, Pneumonia |
 Lantis, 2001 | USA | Infrainguinal bypass | Unspecified | 481 | 60 | 69a | 63.0a | 241 (50.1) | 38 (63.3) | 212 (44.1) | 50 (83.3) | Myocardial infarction, |
 O Hare 2003 | USA | Non-traumatic lower limb amputation | Unspecified | 11,051 | 1,110 | 68a | 68a | 884 (8.0) | 189 (17.0) | 5,747 (52.0) | 799 (72.0) | Myocardial infarction, Stroke, Sepsis, Pneumonia, DVT/PE, Blood transfusion |
 Rao, 2017 | USA | Infrainguinal bypass (Vascular) | Both | 33,318 | 1,623 | 66.7 (11.0) | 66.0 (10.7) | 433 (1.3) | 73 (4.5) | 12,228 (36.7) | 1,034 (63.7) | Myocardial infarction, Stroke, Sepsis, Surgical site infection, Pneumonia, Return to Operating theatre, DVT/PE |
Urology/gynaecology surgery | Â | |||||||||||
 Fornara, 1998 | Germany | Laparoscopic Nephrectomy | HD | 20 | 19 | 38 [24–70] | 45 [20–73] | NR | NR | NR | NR | Myocardial infarction, Sepsis, Pneumonia, Blood transfusion |
 May, 2018 | USA | Laprascopic nephrectomy | Both | 7,870 | 445 | 55 | 55 | 56 (0.7) | 14 (3.1) | 1,637 (20.8) | 141 (31.7) | Surgical site infections, Sepsis, Pneumonia, DVT/PE, Blood transfusion |
 Schmitges, 2012 | USA | Nephrectomy (Urologic/Gynaecologic) | Unspecified | 3,764 | 941 | 59 (12.8) | 59.1 (12.7) | NR | NR | NR | NR | Surgical site infection, Blood transfusion |
 Yamashita, 2012 | Japan | Nephrectomy (Urologic/Gynaecologic) | Both | 104 | 38 | 61.9 (14.1) | 58.3 (11.4) | NR | NR | NR | NR | Sepsis, Surgical site infection, Pneumonia |