Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study cohort
Variable | All patients (n = 272) | Rapid linear progressor (n = 211) | Rapid non-linear progressor (n = 61) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 58.0 (46.0–70.0) | 54.8 (44.9–67.2) | 67.4 (58.9–74.5) | < 0.01 |
Men, n (%) | 134 (49) | 104 (49) | 30 (49) | 0.99 |
Caucasian, n (%) | 231 (85) | 171 (81) | 60 (98) | < 0.01 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 140 (128–155) | 140 (128–154) | 140 (129–156) | 0.75 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78 (70–84) | 79 (70–84) | 76 (70–81) | 0.17 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 254 (93) | 197 (93) | 57 (93) | 0.98 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 90 (33) | 59 (28) | 31 (51) | < 0.01 |
Past/current smoking history, n (%) | 174 (64) | 132 (63) | 42 (69) | 0.37 |
Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 26 (10) | 12 (6) | 14 (23) | < 0.01 |
Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | 33 (12) | 20 (10) | 13 (21) | 0.01 |
Stroke, n (%) | 20 (7) | 12 (6) | 8 (13) | 0.05 |
Heart failure, n (%) | 27 (10) | 13 (6) | 14 (23) | < 0.01 |
ACEi/ARB, n (%) | 197 (72) | 158 (75) | 39 (64) | 0.09 |
Statin, n (%) | 158 (58) | 120 (57) | 38 (62) | 0.45 |
Years follow-up | 3.7 (2.8–4.9) | 3.9 (2.9–5.0) | 3.2 (2.6–4.0) | < 0.01 |
Primary renal disease | ||||
Diabetic nephropathy, n (%) | 67 (25) | 46 (22) | 21 (34) | 0.04 |
ADPKD, n (%) | 55 (20) | 55 (26) | 0 (0) | < 0.01 |
Hypertensive nephropathy, n (%) | 26 (10) | 15 (7) | 11 (18) | 0.01 |
Glomerulonephritis, n (%) | 34 (13) | 32 (15) | 2 (3) | 0.01 |
Other causes, n (%) | 66 (24) | 45 (21) | 21 (23) | 0.04 |
Unknown, n (%) | 24 (9) | 18 (9) | 6 (10) | 0.75 |
Laboratory results | ||||
eGFR-EPI (ml/min/1.73m2) | 34 (26–41) | 34 (26–41) | 32 (23–41) | 0.36 |
eGFR measurements per patient, n | 24 (15–37) | 24 (16–36) | 21 (11–37) | 0.19 |
ΔGFR (±ml/min/1.73m2/yr) | −5.23 (−6.72 to −3.98) | −5.28 (−6.75 to −4.11) | −4.57 (−6.46 to −3.46) | 0.06 |
Bicarbonate (mmol/L) | 22.6 (20.4–25.0) | 22.5 (20.4–25.0) | 23.0 (20.6–25.2) | 0.43 |
Urea (mmol/L) | 12.2 (9.8–15.7) | 12.0 (9.9–15.4) | 13.9 (10.1–17.2) | 0.24 |
Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.31 (2.23–2.39) | 2.30 (2.22–2.34) | 2.32 (2.27–2.40) | 0.15 |
Phosphate (mmol/L) | 1.13 (1.02–1.27) | 1.15 (1.02–1.28) | 1.11 (1.03–1.25) | 0.74 |
Albumin (g/L) | 42 (39–44) | 41 (39–44) | 42 (39–44) | 0.99 |
Total cholesterol/HDL ratio | 3.4 (2.7–4.3) | 3.5 (2.7–4.5) | 3.2 (2.6–4.1) | 0.16 |
Haemoglobin (g/L) | 122 (113–133) | 123 (114–133) | 121 (110–132) | 0.57 |
Urine protein:creatinine ratio (g/mol) | 77 (24–244) | 87 (26–272) | 52 (24–171) | 0.16 |
A1 proteinuria (< 15 g/mol), n (%) | 33 (12) | 26 (12) | 7 (12) | 0.86 |
A2 proteinuria (15-50 g/mol), n (%) | 82 (30) | 59 (28) | 23 (38) | 0.14 |
A3 proteinuria (> 50 g/mol), n (%) | 157 (58) | 126 (60) | 31 (51) | 0.22 |