Dietary intakes of total polyphenol and its subclasses in association with the incidence of chronic kidney diseases: a prospective population‐based cohort study

Table 2 Multivariable-adjusted COX regression (95 % CIs) for incidence of chronic kidney disease according to quartiles of the total polyphenols and its subgroups

	Total polyphenols Quartiles				P for trend
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	P for trend
Total Polyphenols
Median (mg/d)	737	1201	1717	2682
Cases/ total	84/514	95/513	83/514	93/513
Model 1	1	1.20 (0.90–1.62)	1.00 (0.73–1.35)	1.15 (0.85–1.54)	0.615
Model 2	1	1.20 (0.87–1.66)	0.92 (0.65–1.31)	0.99 (0.69–1.43)	0.598
Model 3	1	1.12 (0.81–1.55)	0.90 (0.63–1.28)	0.97 (0.67–1.40)	0.624
Flavonoids
Median (mg/d)	33.11	55.85	82.65	125.47
Cases/ total	83/514	86/513	93/514	93/513
Model 1	1	1.08 (0.80–1.47)	1.13 (0.84–1.53)	1.14 (0.85–1.53)	0.401
Model 2	1	1.13 (0.81–1.57)	1.03 (0.74–1.44)	1.05 (0.73–1.52)	0.957
Model 3	1	1.12 (0.80–1.57)	1.09 (0.78–1.52)	1.07 (0.74–1.55)	0.852
Phenolic acids
Median (mg/d)	37.21	61.71	92.21	163.62
Cases/ total	85/514	91/513	86/514	93/513
Model 1	1	1.09 (0.81–1.47)	1.03 (0.76–1.39)	1.11 (0.83–1.49)	0.587
Model 2	1	1.15 (0.83–1.58)	1.14 (0.82–1.60)	1.15 (0.80–1.64)	0.583
Model 3	1	1.14 (0.82–1.58)	1.13 (0.81–1.59)	1.14 (0.79–1.64)	0.600
Lignans
Median (mg/d)	1.14	2.65	4.98	11.13
Cases/ total	102/514	70/513	80/514	103/513
Model 1	1	0.63 (0.47–0.86)	0.75 (0.56- 1.00)	0.98 (0.74–1.28)	0.268
Model 2	1	0.66 (0.47–0.92)	0.70 (0.50–0.97)	1.06 (0.77–1.45)	0.089
Model 3	1	0.66 (0.47–0.94)	0.69 (0.49–0.97)	1.10 (0.80–1.52)	0.049
Stilbens
Median (mg/d)	0.05	0.16	0.28	0.70
Cases/ total	110/514	95/514	77/513	73/513
Model 1	1	0.85 (0.65–1.12)	0.66 (0.49–0.88)	0.64 (0.48–0.87)	0.005
Model 2	1	1.16 (0.86–1.56)	0.99 (0.71–1.37)	1.10 (0.78–1.55)	0.779
Model 3	1	1.19 (0.87–1.62)	1.02 (0.73–1.42)	1.13 (0.80–1.61)	0.672

Model 1: CrudeModel 2: Adjusted for sex, age, physical activity, and total calorie intakeModel 3: Additionally adjusted for body mass index, diabetes, and hypertension

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