Table 3 Change in physical function and physical activity

Grip strength (kg)

28.7 ± 9.7

28.1 ± 10.4

28.9 ± 9.7

27.8 ± 8.1

27.1 ± 8.1

27.1 ± 8.5

0.75

0.27

0.66

CS-30 (rep)

12.5 ± 3.7

15.2 ± 3.7***

17.0 ± 4.7***†††

13.6 ± 4.2

13.7 ± 3.6

14.8 ± 4.4**†

0.45

< 0.001

< 0.001

6MWT (m)

427.1 ± 84.9

453.9 ± 96.4***

461.0 ± 95.3***

445.5 ± 96.9

447.6 ± 99.9

448.8 ± 100.7

0.99

< 0.001

< 0.01

Average daily number of steps (steps/day)

4820.5 ± 2698.6

5710.7 ± 2698.8

5316.8 ± 2254.5

5817.9 ± 3761.7

5032.5 ± 3177.4

5011.3 ± 3679.7

0.89

0.29

0.009

Average daily number of moderate steps (steps/day)

3577.1 ± 1762.8

3959.4 ± 1919.8

4130.5 ± 2236.3

4225.7 ± 3089.1

3702.8 ± 2671.8

3793.8 ± 3218.6*

0.96

0.99

0.014

Average daily energy expenditure (kcal)

255.7 ± 86.5

278.4 ± 97.9

282.2 ± 106.8

314.1 ± 157.2

263.1 ± 149.9**

259.6 ± 184.2**

0.96

0.47

0.002

Average daily moderate activity time (minutes/day)

37.9 ± 15.8

42 ± 19.2

43.3 ± 20.4

47.4 ± 32.1

41.7 ± 29.3

42.8 ± 35.5

0.82

0.94

0.014