|
n
|
Groups according to the TUG test results
|
P-value
|
|---|
|
< 10 s
|
10–14.9 s
|
15–19.9 s
|
≥20 s
|
|---|
|
1,159,126
| |
393,655
| |
|---|
|
Sex, male
|
536,331 (46.3)
|
138,662 (40.8)
|
16,636 (36.4)
|
2610 (33.9)
|
<.0001
|
|
Cigarette smoking
| | | | |
<.0001
|
|
Non-smoker
|
801,370 (69.1)
|
247,511 (72.7)
|
34,139 (74.7)
|
5842 (75.9)
| |
|
Past history of smoking
|
216,258 (18.7)
|
52,169 (15.3)
|
6249 (13.7)
|
1018 (13.2)
| |
|
Active smoker
|
141,498 (12.2)
|
40,596 (11.9)
|
5296 (11.6)
|
835 (10.9)
| |
|
Alcohol consumption
| | | | |
<.0001
|
|
None
|
820,995 (70.8)
|
250,469 (73.6)
|
34,726 (76.0)
|
6046 (78.6)
| |
|
Mild
|
283,425 (24.5)
|
74,619 (21.9)
|
9127 (20.0)
|
1365 (17.7)
| |
|
Heavy
|
54,706 (4.7)
|
15,188 (4.5)
|
1831 (4.0)
|
284 (3.7)
| |
|
Regular exercise, Yes
|
301,620 (26.0)
|
80,237 (23.6)
|
10,031 (22.0)
|
1516 (19.7)
|
<.0001
|
|
Income
| | | | |
<.0001
|
|
Q1 (lowest)
|
321,817 (27.8)
|
97,320 (28.6)
|
13,676 (29.9)
|
2452 (31.9)
| |
|
Q2
|
225,044 (19.4)
|
66,378 (19.5)
|
8921 (19.5)
|
1543 (20.1)
| |
|
Q3
|
304,506 (26.3)
|
90,793 (26.7)
|
12,050 (26.4)
|
1931 (25.1)
| |
|
Q4 (highest)
|
307,759 (26.6)
|
85,785 (25.2)
|
11,037 (24.2)
|
1769 (23.0)
| |
|
Comorbidity
|
|
Dyslipidemia
|
444,344 (38.3)
|
135,290 (39.8)
|
18,430 (40.3)
|
3169 (41.2)
|
<.0001
|
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
223,381 (19.3)
|
70,836 (20.8)
|
10,206 (22.3)
|
1891 (24.6)
|
<.0001
|
|
Hypertension
|
599,132 (51.7)
|
185,989 (54.7)
|
26,200 (57.4)
|
4513 (58.7)
|
<.0001
|
|
History of MI
|
9391 (0.8)
|
2885 (0.9)
|
410 (0.9)
|
116 (1.5)
|
<.0001
|
|
History of stroke
|
41,371 (3.6)
|
14,271 (4.2)
|
2291 (5.0)
|
596 (7.8)
|
<.0001
|
|
CKD
|
115,893 (10.0)
|
37,670 (11.1)
|
5622 (12.3)
|
1086 (14.1)
|
<.0001
|
|
eGFR (using MDRD, mL/min/1.73m2)
|
84.7 ± 36.1
|
86.0 ± 36.2
|
85.0 ± 31.2
|
84.7 ± 41.3
|
<.0001
|
|
15–29
|
1713 (0.2)
|
627 (0.2)
|
112 (0.3)
|
33 (0.4)
|
<.0001
|
|
30–59
|
114,180 (9.9)
|
37,043 (10.9)
|
5510 (12.1)
|
1053 (13.7)
| |
|
60–89
|
798,406 (68.9)
|
219,894 (64.6)
|
29,361 (64.3)
|
4851 (63.0)
| |
|
≥90
|
244,827 (21.1)
|
82,712 (24.3)
|
10,701 (23.4)
|
1758 (22.9)
| |
|
Proteinuria
| | | | |
<.0001
|
|
Absent
|
1098,130 (94.7)
|
320,451 (94.2)
|
42,752 (93.6)
|
7141 (92.8)
| |
|
± (trace)
|
27,503 (2.4)
|
9018 (2.7)
|
1267 (2.8)
|
246 (3.2)
| |
|
1+
|
21,370 (1.8)
|
6882 (2.0)
|
1032 (2.3)
|
183 (2.4)
| |
|
2+
|
9054 (0.8)
|
2821 (0.8)
|
430 (0.9)
|
83 (1.1)
| |
|
3+
|
2543 (0.2)
|
913 (0.3)
|
162 (0.4)
|
37 (0.5)
| |
|
4+
|
526 (0.1)
|
191 (0.1)
|
41 (0.1)
|
5 (0.1)
| |
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
24.2 ± 2.9
|
24.4 ± 3.1
|
24.6 ± 3.3
|
24.6 ± 3.5
|
<.0001
|
|
Waist circumference (cm)
|
82.8 ± 8.2
|
83.1 ± 8.3
|
83.6 ± 8.5
|
83.8 ± 8.9
|
<.0001
|
|
SBP (mmHg)
|
127.7 ± 15.0
|
128.4 ± 15.2
|
129.1 ± 15.6
|
128.8 ± 16.0
|
<.0001
|
|
DBP (mmHg)
|
77.4 ± 9.6
|
77.7 ± 9.7
|
78.1 ± 9.9
|
78.3 ± 10.1
|
<.0001
|
|
Serum glucose (mg/dL)
|
103.8 ± 25.0
|
104.0 ± 26.5
|
104.4 ± 27.6
|
105.8 ± 29.8
|
<.0001
|
|
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
|
53.8 ± 15.4
|
54.0 ± 16.4
|
54.3 ± 19.6
|
53.2 ± 14.2
|
<.0001
|
|
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
|
116.3 ± 38.7
|
116.2 ± 39.5
|
116.0 ± 38.8
|
116.8 ± 40.5
|
0.4956
|
|
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
|
196.1 ± 38.4
|
197.0 ± 39.1
|
197.4 ± 40.0
|
197.7 ± 41.2
|
<.0001
|
|
TUG (sec)
|
7.2 ± 1.5
|
10.6 ± 1.1
|
16.0 ± 1.3
|
25.6 ± 12.2
|
<.0001
|
|
Follow-up duration (year)
|
5.0 ± 2.0
|
5.3 ± 2.1
|
5.6 ± 2.1
|
5.5 ± 2.1
|
<.0001
|
- Data shown as number (percent) or mean ± (standard deviation)
- BMI body mass index, CKD chronic kidney disease, DBP diastolic blood pressure, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, MI myocardial infarction, MDRD Modification of Diet in Renal Disease, SBP systolic blood pressure, TUG timed up-and-go test
