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Table 1 Patient demographics on admission, disease severity indices, intensive care interventions and admission laboratory markers from all COVID-19 admitted patients

From: Clinical characteristics and outcome of critically ill COVID-19 patients with acute kidney injury: a single centre cohort study

Demographics

All patients (N = 81)

AKI (N = 36)

No AKI (N = 45)

P-value

Age, years

57 (18)

61 (14)

50 (16)

P = 0.0071*

Male (%)

62%

66.7%

57.8%

P = 0.4930

Symptomatic days prior to hospitalisation

7 (5)

7 (7)

8 (4)

P = 0.1183

BMI >30 kg/m2, n (%)

29 (48.1%)

21 (58.3%)

18 (40%)

P = 0.1208

Charlson’s comorbidity index

2 (2)

2.5 (3)

1(3)

P = 0.0016*

Race/ethnic group

 White

46 (56.8%)

24 (66.7%)

22 (48.9%)

P = 0.1209

 Black

7 (8.6%)

4 (11.1%)

3 (6.7%)

P = 0.6941

 Asian/Indian

20 (24.7%)

5 (13.9%)

15 (33.3%)

P = 0.0684

 Other/unknown

8 (9.9%)

3 (8.3%)

5 (11.1%)

P = 0.7274

Comorbidities, n (%)

 Chronic kidney disease

5 (6.2%)

3 (8.3%)

2 (4.4%)

P = 0.6511

 Congestive cardiac failure

4 (4.9%)

2 (5.6%)

2 (4.4%)

P = 1.0000

 Diabetes mellitus

21 (25.9%)

14 (38.9%)

7 (15.6%)

P = 0.0225*

 Hypertension

30 (37%)

15 (41.7%)

15 (33.3%)

P = 0.4924

 Ischemic heart disease

7 (8.6%)

2 (5.6%)

5 (11.1%)

P = 0.4537

 Immunosuppression

8 (9.9%)

7 (19.4%)

1 (2.2%)

P = 0.0193*

 Use of ACEi or ARB

20 (24.7%)

10 (27.8%)

10 (22.2%)

P = 0.6111

Severity indices

 APACHE II Score

14 (12)

20 (11.2)

12 (6)

P < 0.0001*

 SOFA Score

4 (3)

5 (3)

3 (1)

P = 0.0001*

PaO2/FiO2 ratio

   

P = 0.0811

 kPa

15 (5)

14.4 (4.5)

15.4 (4.8)

 mmHg

112.5 (37.5)

108 (33.7)

115.5 (36)

ICU interventions

 Mechanical ventilation, n (%)

48 (59.3%)

31 (86.1%)

17 (37.8%)

P = 0.0001*

 Non-invasive ventilation, n (%)

33 (40.7%)

5 (13.9%)

27 (60%)

P = 0.0001*

 Vasopressor use, n (%)

49 (60.5%)

33 (91.7%)

16 (35.6%)

P = 0.0001*

 Vasopressor use > 1 type, n (%)

15 (18.5%)

13 (36.1%)

2 (4.4%)

P = 0.0003*

 Diuretics use, n (%)

49 (60.5%)

27 (75.0%)

22 (48.9%)

P = 0.0225*

 Diuretics use > 1 type, n (%)

20 (24.7%)

14 (38.9%)

6 (13.3%)

P = 0.0090*

 Corticosteroids

23 (28.4%)

15 (41.7%)

8 (17.8%)

P = 0.0255*

 Pulmonary vasodilators, n (%)

11 (13.6%)

8 (22.2%)

3 (6.67%)

P = 0.0544

 Antibiotics (any), n (%)

81 (100%)

36 (100%)

45 (100%)

P = 1.0000

 Antivirals (any), n (%)

25 (31.9%)

12 (33.3%)

13 (28.9%)

P = 0.8093

Admission laboratory profile

 Bilirubin (mmol/l)

11 (6)

11 (9)

11 (5)

P = 0.8939

 Creatinine (mmol/l)

72 (44)

98 (84)

65 (28)

P = 0.0222*

 Creatinine kinase (U/l)

160 (240)

153 (411)

174 (237)

P = 0.8105

 C-Reactive Protein (mg/l)

153 (106)

166 (135)

125 (82)

P = 0.0598

 D-Dimer (mg/l)

527 (742)

942 (2157)

444 (395)

P = 0.0318*

 Ferritin (mg/l)

965 (1430)

842 (963)

989 (1601)

P = 0.9087

 HbA1c (mmol/mol)

46 (9)

48 (10)

44.5 (8)

P = 0.0615

 LDH (U/l)

909 (572)

1026 (721)

909 (550)

P = 0.9745

 Lymphocytes 109/l

0.9 (0.7)

0.700 (0.7)

1.000 (0.6)

P = 0.0133*

 Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio

7.8 (6.8)

8.7 (6.2)

6.7 (5.4)

P = 0.1010

 Procalcitonin (ng/ml)

0.3 (0.6)

0.6 (0.9)

0.3 (0.5)

P = 0.1076

 HS Troponin (ng/l)

13 (26.5)

27.5 (117)

9 (8)

P = 0.0001*

 White cell counts 109/l

8.2 (6.5)

8.9 (7)

7.6 (5.7)

P = 0.2935

  1. Data are presented as median (Interquartile Range) or numbers (percentage) unless otherwise stated. *P < 0.05 as assessed by Fisher’s Exact test for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables. ACEi Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitor, APACHE II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, ARB Angiotensin Receptor Blocker, BMI Body Mass Index, LDH Lactate dehydrogenase, HS Troponin High Sensitivity Troponin, PaO2/FiO2 Ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score
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BMC Nephrology

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