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Table 5 Pain interference score by subgroups based on demographic and clinical characteristics

From: Exploring factors associated with pain in hemodialysis patients: a multicenter cross‐sectional study from Palestine

Variable

Frequency (%);

N = 300

Pain interference;

Median

[Q1- Q3]

P-value*

Age category(years)

 < 60

182 (60.7)

12 [0–26]

< 0.001b

 ≥ 60

118 (39.3)

23.5 [9-42.5]

 

Gender

 Male

166 (55.3)

12 [0–28]

0.001b

 Female

134 (44.7)

22 [6-32]

 

BMI category

 Underweight

12 (4.0)

0 [0-27.5]

< 0.001a

 Normal

96 (32.0)

10.5 [0–25]

 

 Overweight

113 (37.7)

16 [1.5–30.5]

 

 Obese

79 (26.3)

24 [14-37]

 

Residency

 Refugee camp

30 (10.0)

29.5 [2-40]

0.027a

 Village

175 (58.3)

16 [0–26]

 

 City

95 (31.7)

14 [2-41]

 

Living arrangement

 Alone

19 (6.3)

18 [0–22]

0.364b

 With family

281 (93.7)

16 [0–31]

 

Educational level

 No formal education

14 (4.7)

27 [18–45]

< 0.001a

 Primary school

62 (20.7)

25 [14-37]

 

 Secondary school

81 (27.0)

17 [0–31]

 

 High school

67 (22.3)

10 [0–21]

 

 University

76 (25.3)

8 [0–23]

 

Social status

 Single, divorced, or widowed

80 (26.7)

18 [2–45]

0.063b

 Married

220 (73.3)

15.5[0–28]

 

Employment

 Unemployed

235 (78.3)

18 [2-31]

0.001b

 Employed

65 (21.7)

5 [0-19.5]

 

Household income (month)

 < 2000 NIS

178 (59.3)

18.5 [6 − 3]

0.005a

 2000–4999 NIS

109 (36 0.3)

12 [0-28.5]

 

 ≥ 5000 NIS

13 (4.3)

7 [2.5–14]

 

Dialysis vintage (years)

 < 4

196 (65.3)

13 [0–28]

0.012b

 ≥ 4

104 (34.7)

21 [5-37]

 

Dialysis sessions per week

 ≤ 2

21 (7.0)

0 [0–11]

0.053a

 3

276 (92.0)

8 [0–18]

 

 ≥ 4

3 (1.0)

15 [12-NA]

 

Dialysis sessions duration (hours)

 < 4

258 (86.0)

18 [0–31]

0.083b

 ≥ 4

42 (14.0)

13.5 [0-22.5]

 

Previous kidney transplantation

 Yes

13 (4.3)

0 [0–17]

0.099b

 No

287 (95.7)

8 [0–18]

 

Known cause for ESKD

 Yes

281 (93.7)

16 [0-30.5]

0.992b

 No

19 (6.3)

17 [9-29]

 

Number of comorbidities

 None

30 (10.0)

2 [0–23]

< 0.001a

 1

77 (25.7)

9 [0-18.5]

 

 2

86 ( 28.7)

17 [1.5–27]

 

 ≥ 3

107 (35.7)

26 [12-40]

 

Number of chronically used medications

 < 4

10 (3.3)

11 [0-28.5]

0.575b

 ≥ 4

290 (96.7)

17 [0–31]

 
  1. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index; NA not available; ESKD end-stage kidney disease; NIS New Israeli shekel
  2. * Bold values denote statistical significance
  3. a Kruskal-Wallis test
  4. b Mann-Whitney U test