Table 1 Comparison between controls, ADPKD patients and patients with CKD from other etiologies. The first “p” value corresponds to the comparison between the three groups and the second value corresponds to the comparison between ADPKD and patients with CKD from other etiologies (CKD stages 3, 4 and 5 not on dialysis)

Age (years)

53.69 ± 1163

53.60 ± 11.09

59.56 ± 12.22

< 0.001

< 0.001

Male gender

262 (52.5%)

67 (50.8%)

700 (62.1%)

< 0.001

0.012

BMI (Kg/m²)

27.82 ± 4.40

27.55 ± 4.65

28.56 ± 4.94

0.003

0.02

Obesity (BMI > 30 Kg/m²)

131 (26.3%)

35 (26.5%)

251 (34.9%)

0.010

0.03

Active smoking

100 (20.0%)

34 (25.7%)

212 (18.7%)

NS

NS

Hypertension

163 (32.7%)

123 (93.2%)

1017 (90.2%)

< 0.001

NS

Dyslipidemia

157 (31.5%)

82 (62.1%)

762 (67.6%)

< 0.001

NS

CKD stage 3

0 (0.0%)

57 (43.2%)

635 (56.3%)

< 0.001

0.004

CKD stages 4–5

0 (0.0%)

75 (56.8%)

493 (43.7%)

< 0.001

0.004

Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.84 ± 0.15

3.00 ± 1.77

2.37 ± 1.18

< 0.001

< 0.001

eGFR (mL/min/1.73m²)

91.82 ± 16.94

27.50 ± 14.09

33.46 ± 14.05

< 0.001

< 0.001

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

14.54 ± 1.41

12.82 ± 1.49

13.3 ± 1.73

< 0.001

0.024

Albumin (g/dL)

4.36 ± 0.30

4.08 ± 0.43

4.09 ± 0.45

< 0.001

NS

Uric acid (mg/dL)

5.05 ± 1.45

7.00 ± 1.30

6.86 ± 1.57

< 0.001

NS

Phosphate (mg/dL)

3.46 ± 0.52

4.02 ± 0.77

3.64 ± 0.76

< 0.001

NS

iPTH (pg/mL)

53.54 ± 15.34

172.26 ± 141.96

128.37 ± 110.75

< 0.001

< 0.001

25-hydroxi-vitamin D (ng/mL)

20.58 ± 8.39

18.13 ± 8.21

16.75 ± 7.47

< 0.001

NS

FGF23 (pg/mL)

53.97 ± 62.88

96.77 ± 78.44

97.71 ± 84.06

< 0.001

NS

Potassium (mEq/L)

4.47 ± 0.40

4.71 ± 0.51

4.75 ± 0.53

< 0.001

NS

Proteinuria (g/day)

0.07 ± 0.12

0.32 ± 0.38

0,98 ± 1.4

< 0.001

0.04

Urine albumin to creatinine ratio (mg/g)

34 ± 46

214 ± 507

427 ± 894

< 0.001

0.002

SBP (mmHg)

132.45 ± 17.44

140.83 ± 19.56

142.99 ± 20.73

< 0.001

NS

DBP (mmHg)

79.84 ± 9.66

85.14 ± 10.34

82.49 ± 10.86

< 0.001

0.006

IMT (mm)

0.70 ± 0.12

0.66 ± 0.11

0.72 ± 0.14

< 0.001

< 0.001

Pathologic ABI (< 0.9 or > 1.4)

62 (12.4%)

19 (14.4%)

244 (21.8)

< 0.001

0.027

Ischemic ABI (< 0.9)

56 (11.4%)

14 (11.0%)

184 (17.4%)

0.004

0.041

Plaque presence

248 (49.7%)

71 (53.8%)

752 (66.7%)

< 0.001

0.003

Cardiovascular event

11 (2.2%)

1 (0.8%)

73 (6.5%)

< 0.001

0.008

Cardiovascular death

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

13 (1.2%)

0.026

NS

Non-cardiovascular death

3 (0.6%)

3 (2.3%)

38 (3.4%)

0.004

NS