Table 3 Factors associated with abnormal kidney function, TAHES Study, Benin 2019

Age (>  60 years)

3.34 (2.41,4.63)

<  0.001

2.57 (1.73,3.83)

<  0.001

 Male

1

1

 Female

2.04 (1.46,2.84)

<  0.001

1.98 (1.36,2.89)

<  0.001

Level of education

0.022

0.95

 Illiterate

1

1

 Primary level

0.67 (0.48,0.93)

1.06 (0.72,1.54)

 Above primary level

0.56 (0.27,1.14)

1.09 (0.49,2.43)

 In couple

1

 Single, widowed or divorced

2.63 (1.88,3.66)

<  0.001

1.42 (0.95,2.13)

0.091

Occupation

0.011

0.278

 Independent farmer or informal

1

 Private or formal employee

0.75 (0.46,1.24)

0.73 (0.43,1.26)

 Unemployed

2.17 (1.26,3.74)

1.36 (0.73,2.51)

Monthly income ($US)

0.229

  < 68

1

 68–179

0.98 (0.71,1.34)

  ≥ 180

0.71 (0.46,1.08)

HBP

2.13 (1.59,2.86)

<  0.001

1.56 (1.13,2.15)

0.007

High BMI^a

1.50 (1.11,2.03)

0.008

1.56 (1.12,2.17)

0.009

Hyperglycemia^b / diabetes treatment

2.88 (1.75,4.73)

<  0.001

2.88 (1.68,4.92)

<  0.001