Skip to main content

Table 1 Characteristics of 3837 SCREEN-HF participants who had eGFR measurement and complete data for cardiovascular risk factors on enrolment

From: Kidney age - chronological age difference (KCD) score provides an age-adapted measure of kidney function

Characteristic

Men

Women

n = 2096

n = 1741

Age (years)

70 (65, 75)

70 (65, 75)

Bupa member

1921 (92%)

1598 (92%)

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

141 (131, 153)

137 (127, 151)

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

81 (75, 88)

80 (73, 87)

Pulse pressure (mmHg)

60 (52, 70)

57 (49, 68)

Heart rate (bpm)

69 (61, 77)

72 (65, 80)

Body mass index (kg/m2)

28 (25, 31)

28 (25, 32)

Waist circumference (cm)

103 (96, 110)

94 (86, 103)

Cardiovascular risk factors

 Hypertension

1716 (82%)

1571 (90%)

 Diabetes

429 (20%)

272 (16%)

 Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2)

622 (30%)

615 (35%)

 Overweight (25 > BMI < 30 kg/m2)

1049 (50%)

682 (39%)

 eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2

411 (20%)

373 (21%)

 Previous myocardial infarction

302 (14.4%)

87 (5.0%)

 Coronary revascularisation

460 (21.9%)

115 (6.6%)

 Total ischaemic heart disease

607 (29%)

243 (14%)

 Previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack

250 (11.9%)

168 (9.6%)

 Peripheral vascular disease

93 (4.4%)

32 (1.8%)

 Cardiovascular disease

810 (39%)

394 (23%)

 Atrial fibrillation

240 (11.5%)

151 (8.7%)

 Pacemaker

47 (2.2%)

18 (1.0%)

 Obstructive sleep apnoea

215 (10.3%)

63 (3.6%)

 Physical inactivity

1115 (63%)

1013 (71%)

 Tobacco use

  Current smoker

79 (3.8%)

59 (3.4%)

  Former smoker

1161 (55%)

587 (34%)

  Non-smoker

856 (41%)

1094 (63%)

 Alcohol > 2 drinks/day

616 (29.4%)

144 (8.3%)

Medication use

 Antihypertensive therapy

1873 (89%)

1613 (93%)

 ß-blocker

477 (23%)

411 (24%)

 ACE inhibitor

715 (34%)

471 (27%)

 ARB

912 (44%)

888 (51%)

 ACE inhibitor and/or ARB

1549 (74%)

1295 (74%)

 Calcium channel blocker

570 (27%)

477 (27%)

 Statin therapy

1159 (55%)

830 (48%)

 Thiazide diuretic

616 (29%)

563 (32%)

 Loop diuretic

47 (2.2%)

62 (3.6%)

 Mineralocorticoid antagonist

9 (0.4%)

14 (0.8%)

 Digoxin therapy

65 (3.1%)

32 (1.8%)

 Aspirin therapy

976 (47%)

624 (36%)

 Clopidogrel therapy

145 (6.9%)

94 (5.4%)

 Warfarin therapy

120 (5.7%)

57 (3.3%)

 NSAID therapy

170 (8.1%)

152 (8.7%)

 Insulin therapy

67 (3.2%)

41 (2.4%)

 Oral anti-diabetic medication

298 (14%)

178 (10%)

 Nitrate therapy

109 (5.2%)

108 (6.2%)

Biochemistry and haematology

 eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)

76 (63, 86)

74 (62, 86)

 Haemoglobin (g/dL)

14.6 (13.8, 15.3)

13.3 (12.7, 14.0)

 White cell count (×109/L)

7.1 (6.1, 8.2)

7.1 (6.1, 8.3)

 Platelets (×109/L)

212 (183, 246)

250 (216, 288)

 Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.5 (3.8, 5.2)

5.2 (4.5, 5.9)

 High density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.1 (0.9, 1.4)

1.4 (1.2, 1.7)

  1. Data shown as median (interquartile range) or n (%). ACE angiotensin converting enzyme, ARB angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, bpm beats per minute, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation [28], NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Total ischaemic heart disease refers to myocardial infarction, coronary revascularisation, coronary artery disease detected on coronary angiography, and angina. Cardiovascular disease refers to total ischaemic heart, cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular disease. Physical activity was assessed using the New York Heart Association questionnaire [37], and physical inactivity refers to participants who did not walk for, on average, ≥30 min per day and/or participate in, on average, ≥10 min per day of more vigorous exercise, including housework, for the 1757 men and 1419 women who completed the questionnaire. Alcohol > 2 drinks/day refers to consumption of more than 2 standard drinks on any day [38]. The numbers receiving antihypertensive therapy exceeded the numbers with hypertension because participants without hypertension received antihypertensive therapy. Total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured in 1712 men and 1356 women. Data for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obstructive sleep apnoea, smoking, alcohol intake and drug therapy were from self-report