Characteristic | Men | Women |
---|---|---|
n = 2096 | n = 1741 | |
Age (years) | 70 (65, 75) | 70 (65, 75) |
Bupa member | 1921 (92%) | 1598 (92%) |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 141 (131, 153) | 137 (127, 151) |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 81 (75, 88) | 80 (73, 87) |
Pulse pressure (mmHg) | 60 (52, 70) | 57 (49, 68) |
Heart rate (bpm) | 69 (61, 77) | 72 (65, 80) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28 (25, 31) | 28 (25, 32) |
Waist circumference (cm) | 103 (96, 110) | 94 (86, 103) |
Cardiovascular risk factors | ||
 Hypertension | 1716 (82%) | 1571 (90%) |
 Diabetes | 429 (20%) | 272 (16%) |
 Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) | 622 (30%) | 615 (35%) |
 Overweight (25 > BMI < 30 kg/m2) | 1049 (50%) | 682 (39%) |
 eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 411 (20%) | 373 (21%) |
 Previous myocardial infarction | 302 (14.4%) | 87 (5.0%) |
 Coronary revascularisation | 460 (21.9%) | 115 (6.6%) |
 Total ischaemic heart disease | 607 (29%) | 243 (14%) |
 Previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack | 250 (11.9%) | 168 (9.6%) |
 Peripheral vascular disease | 93 (4.4%) | 32 (1.8%) |
 Cardiovascular disease | 810 (39%) | 394 (23%) |
 Atrial fibrillation | 240 (11.5%) | 151 (8.7%) |
 Pacemaker | 47 (2.2%) | 18 (1.0%) |
 Obstructive sleep apnoea | 215 (10.3%) | 63 (3.6%) |
 Physical inactivity | 1115 (63%) | 1013 (71%) |
 Tobacco use | ||
  Current smoker | 79 (3.8%) | 59 (3.4%) |
  Former smoker | 1161 (55%) | 587 (34%) |
  Non-smoker | 856 (41%) | 1094 (63%) |
 Alcohol > 2 drinks/day | 616 (29.4%) | 144 (8.3%) |
Medication use | ||
 Antihypertensive therapy | 1873 (89%) | 1613 (93%) |
 ß-blocker | 477 (23%) | 411 (24%) |
 ACE inhibitor | 715 (34%) | 471 (27%) |
 ARB | 912 (44%) | 888 (51%) |
 ACE inhibitor and/or ARB | 1549 (74%) | 1295 (74%) |
 Calcium channel blocker | 570 (27%) | 477 (27%) |
 Statin therapy | 1159 (55%) | 830 (48%) |
 Thiazide diuretic | 616 (29%) | 563 (32%) |
 Loop diuretic | 47 (2.2%) | 62 (3.6%) |
 Mineralocorticoid antagonist | 9 (0.4%) | 14 (0.8%) |
 Digoxin therapy | 65 (3.1%) | 32 (1.8%) |
 Aspirin therapy | 976 (47%) | 624 (36%) |
 Clopidogrel therapy | 145 (6.9%) | 94 (5.4%) |
 Warfarin therapy | 120 (5.7%) | 57 (3.3%) |
 NSAID therapy | 170 (8.1%) | 152 (8.7%) |
 Insulin therapy | 67 (3.2%) | 41 (2.4%) |
 Oral anti-diabetic medication | 298 (14%) | 178 (10%) |
 Nitrate therapy | 109 (5.2%) | 108 (6.2%) |
Biochemistry and haematology | ||
 eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 76 (63, 86) | 74 (62, 86) |
 Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.6 (13.8, 15.3) | 13.3 (12.7, 14.0) |
 White cell count (×109/L) | 7.1 (6.1, 8.2) | 7.1 (6.1, 8.3) |
 Platelets (×109/L) | 212 (183, 246) | 250 (216, 288) |
 Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.5 (3.8, 5.2) | 5.2 (4.5, 5.9) |
 High density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.4) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.7) |