Table 1 Baseline and clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients at the time of dialysis initiation between patients with sodium bicarbonate and without sodium bicarbonate (n = 1522)
without sodium bicarbonate (n = 845) | with sodium bicarbonate (n = 677) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Female (%) | 278 (32.9) | 214 (31.6) | 0.632 |
Age (mean (SD)) | 67.74 (13.51) | 67.20 (12.47) | 0.420 |
Cause of CKD (%) | 0.003 | ||
Diabetes Mellitus | 396 (46.9) | 262 (38.7) | |
Nephrosclerosis | 209 (24.7) | 176 (26.0) | |
Others, unknown | 240 (28.4) | 239 (35.3) | |
Past history | |||
Diabetes Mellitus (%) | 476 (56.3) | 301 (44.5) | < 0.001 |
CAD (%) | 152 (18.1) | 104 (15.4) | 0.186 |
PAD (%) | 45 (5.3) | 26 (3.8) | 0.214 |
Atrial fibrillation (%) | 61 (7.3) | 33 (4.9) | 0.073 |
Admission of HF (%) | 200 (23.7) | 112 (16.5) | 0.001 |
Aortic Dissection (%) | 50 (5.9) | 34 (5.0) | 0.514 |
Malignancy (%) | 86 (10.2) | 76 (11.2) | 0.565 |
Stroke (%) | 93 (11.0) | 44 (6.5) | 0.003 |
X-ray | |||
CTR (mean (SD)) | 55.58 (7.01) | 54.68 (7.30) | 0.015 |
Cardiac ultrasonography | |||
EF (mean (SD)) | 60.12 (12.74) | 61.32 (11.73) | 0.088 |
Administration | |||
Spironolactone (%) | 42 (5.0) | 34 (5.0) | 1.000 |
DRI (%) | 21 (2.5) | 33 (4.9) | 0.018 |
CCB (%) | 631 (74.7) | 569 (84.0) | < 0.001 |
Loop (%) | 549 (65.0) | 451 (66.6) | 0.536 |
Thiazide (%) | 208 (24.6) | 140 (20.7) | 0.079 |
ARBACEI (%) | 481 (57.1) | 437 (64.5) | 0.004 |
BB (%) | 302 (35.7) | 226 (33.4) | 0.365 |
Statin (%) | 330 (39.1) | 279 (41.2) | 0.423 |
VDRA (%) | 182 (21.5) | 230 (34.0) | < 0.001 |
Anti Platelet (%) | 274 (32.4) | 186 (27.5) | 0.042 |
ESA (%) | 662 (78.6) | 643 (95.0) | < 0.001 |
Laboratory data | |||
WBC (/uL) (mean (SD)) | 7113 (3493) | 6302 (2604) | < 0.001 |
Hb (g/dL) (mean (SD)) | 9.26 (1.65) | 9.52 (1.39) | 0.001 |
Plt (10,000/uL) (mean (SD)) | 18.76 (8.33) | 17.58 (6.65) | 0.003 |
Alb (g/dL) (mean (SD)) | 3.15 (0.59) | 3.27 (0.60) | < 0.001 |
BUN (mg/dL) (mean (SD)) | 94.00 (32.84) | 88.99 (26.94) | 0.001 |
Cr (mg/dL) (mean (SD)) | 8.75 (3.39) | 9.25 (2.96) | 0.002 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) (mean (SD)) | 5.69 (2.45) | 5.14 (1.85) | < 0.001 |
Na (mEq/L) (mean (SD)) | 137.7 (4.4) | 138.1 (4.3) | 0.078 |
K (mEq/L) (mean (SD)) | 4.57 (0.88) | 4.53 (0.78) | 0.388 |
Adjusted Ca (mg/dL) (mean (SD)) | 8.69 (1.06) | 8.52 (1.05) | 0.002 |
P (mg/dL) (mean (SD)) | 6.43 (2.00) | 6.29 (1.71) | 0.145 |
Mg (mg/dL) (mean (SD)) | 2.17 (0.50) | 2.13 (0.46) | 0.206 |
UA (mg/dL) (mean (SD)) | 9.00 (2.57) | 8.53 (2.23) | < 0.001 |
LDL-C (mg/dL) (mean (SD)) | 90 (35) | 90 (34) | 0.952 |
CRP (mg/dL) (mean (SD)) | 1.97 (4.09) | 1.69 (4.25) | 0.217 |
β2MG (ug/dL) (mean (SD)) | 19.29 (5.66) | 19.15 (5.87) | 0.730 |
TSAT (%) (mean (SD)) | 27.93 (17.55) | 26.10 (15.54) | 0.057 |
Ferritin (ng/dL) (median [IQR]) | 136.00 [71.00, 248.00] | 112.70 [57.00, 202.25] | < 0.001 |
pH (mean (SD)) | 7.33 (0.09) | 7.35 (0.07) | < 0.001 |
HCO3− (mEq/L) (mean (SD)) | 19.01 (5.33) | 20.24 (4.35) | < 0.001 |
Other | |||
HF symptoms at admission (%) | 291 (34.6) | 176 (26.0) | < 0.001 |
Outcome | |||
CVD-related death (%) | 67 (8.0) | 35 (5.2) | 0.041 |
Infection-related death (%) | 36 (4.3) | 20 (3.0) | 0.227 |
All-cause death (%) | 179 (21.2) | 92 (13.6) | < 0.001 |