Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Age, years

60 (52, 69)

59 (51, 67)

62 (55, 71) *

Height, cm

167 (160.0, 172.3)

170 (167, 175)

160 (155, 163) *

Weight, kg

69 (60, 77)

74 (66, 81)

61 (54, 69) *

Body surface area (BSA), m²

1.81 (1.67, 1.95)

1.90 (1.80, 2.01)

1.66 (1.56, 1.77) *

Body mass index (BMI), Kg/m²

24.8 (22.7, 27.3)

25.1(23.1, 27.4)

24.2(21.6, 26.8) *

BMI_P25, Kg/m² (n = 209)

BMI_P25–75, Kg/m² (n = 419)

BMI_P75, Kg/m² (n = 209)

Serum creatinine (sCr), μmol/L

79 (61, 113.3)

86 (68, 120)

66 (51, 100) *

Serum uric acids (sUA), μmol/L

360 (289, 435)

380 (311, 449)

323 (268, 421) *

Serum urea (sUrea), mmol/L

6.3 (5.0, 8.6)

6.5 (5.2, 8.6)

6.1 (4.8, 8.8) ^△

Serum cystatin C (sCysc), mg/L

1.17 (0.97, 1.53)

1.18 (0.99, 1.53)

1.16 (0.94, 1.58) ^△

Urinary albumin creatinine ratio (ACR), μg/mg

64.4 (18.3, 458.5)

73.8 (15.7, 522.8)

60.2 (23.9, 406.1) ^△

ACR ≥ 30 μg/mg rate, %

64.03

62.80

66.10^△

Diabetes

559 (66.8%)

373 (73.9%)

186 (56.0%)*

Hypertension

540 (64.5%)

325 (64.4%)

215 (42.6%)^△

coronary heart disease

165 (19.7%)

102 (20.2%)

63 (12.5%)^△

atherosclerosis

599 (71.6%)

358 (70.9%)

241 (47.7%)^△

mGFR, ml·min −1·1.73 m 2

71.4 ± 28.1

69.8 ± 27.3

73.8 ± 29.2^▲

 CKD1

221 (26.4%)

123 (24.4%)

98 (29.5%)^△

 CKD2

338 (40.4%)

214 (42.4%)

124 (37.4%)^△

 CKD3

212 (25.3%)

130 (25.7%)

82 (24.7%)^△

 CKD4

54 (6.5%)

28 (5.5%)

26 (7.8%)^△

 CKD5

12 (1.4%)

10 (2.0%)

2 (0.6%)^△

 eGFR_{a_MDRD}

 eGFR_{c_MDRD}

88.5 ± 49.1

87.9 ± 44.7^★

98.4 ± 54.4^★▲

 eGFR_{EPI_Cr_2009}

81.9 (52.2, 93.3)

82.5 (55.5, 101.2) ^★

80.4 (48.5, 97.8) ^★△

 eGFR_{EPI_Cr_CysC_2012}

63.3 (42.0, 81.2)

63.5 (43.6,79.8) ^★

62.2 (39.6, 82.2) ^★△

 eGFR_{EPI_CysC_2012}

62.8 (43.4, 82.3)

62.5 (44.1, 80.3) ^★

62.8 (41.2, 84.5) ^★△

 eGFR_{FAS_Cr}

77.7(51.6, 104.0)^★

78.8 ± 36.7^★

74.1(48.1, 104.6)^□△

 eGFR_{FAS_CysC}

60.2(44.9, 74.9)^★

60.8(45.9, 73.9)^★

61.4 ± 24.8^★△

 eGFR_{FASCr_CysC}

66.8(47.8, 85.6)^★

67.9 ± 28.3 ^★

66.0(46.3, 87.3) ^★△