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Table 1 Baseline patient demographics, clinical and laboratory characteristics*

From: First and second morning spot urine protein measurements for the assessment of proteinuria: a diagnostic accuracy study in kidney transplant recipients

Variables

N = 151

Demographic characteristics

 Age (years)

56 ± 13

 Male gender (%)

101 (67)

 Body mass index (kg/m2)

25.6 ± 3.9

 Original kidney disease

  diabetic glomerulosclerosis (%)

8 (5)

  hypertension (%)

9 (6)

  glomerulonephritis (%)

56 (37)

  polycystic (%)

19 (13)

  pyelonephritis/reflux (%)

14 (9)

  other/undefined (%)

16 (11) / 29 (19)

Clinical characteristics

 Time post-transplant (years)

8.1 (3.1 to 12.9)

 Prior indication allograft biopsya (%)

76 (50)

 Histological diagnosis

  antibody-mediated rejection (%)

30 (40)

  T-cell rejection (%)

22 (29)

  recurrent glomerular disease (%)

7 (9)

  other findingsb (%)

17 (22)

De-novo donor-specific antibodiesc (%)

28 (19)

 Vital parameters

  systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

136 ± 17

  diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

76 ± 11

  heart rate (beats/min)

74 ± 13

Medication

 ACEi/ARB (%)

138 (91)

 diuretic

49 (32)

 other antihypertensives

135 (89)

 lipid-lowering treatments

96 (64)

 glucose-lowering treatments

37 (25)

 calcineurin inhibitor

151 (100)

 mycophenolate

126 (83)

 steroid

83 (55)

Laboratory parameters

 First morning urine collection

  protein-to-creatinine ratio (mg/mmol)

52 (31 to 124)

  albumin-to-creatinine ratio (mg/mmol)

18 (6 to 76)

  α-1 microglobulin-to-creatinine ratio (mg/mmol)

4.2 (2.3 to 6.8)

 Second morning urine collection

  protein-to-creatinine ratio (mg/mmol)

52 (29 to 124)

  albumin-to-creatinine ratio (mg/mmol)

22 (6 to 74)

  α-1 microglobulin-to-creatinine ratio (mg/mmol)

4.1 (2.2 to 7.2)

 24-h urine collection

  protein (mg/day/1.73m2)

490 (250 to 1160)

  creatinine clearance (ml/min)

51 ± 23

 Serum

  creatinine

127 ± 48

  eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2)

53 ± 19

  total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.9 ± 1.1

  LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

2.8 ± 0.8

  HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.3 ± 0.5

  triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.9 ± 1.2

  calcium (mmol/L)

2.33 ± 0.14

  phosphate (mmol/L)

0.98 ± 0.23

  albumin

43 ± 3

  1. *Data are presented as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range) for normally or skewed distributed data, respectively, or as total number (percentage)
  2. aData on prior allograft biopsies and histological diagnoses are based on Paricalcitol trial (Ref. [14])
  3. bInclude calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity, hypertensive glomerulosclerosis, polyomavirus-associated nephropathy, and reflux nephropathy
  4. cDetermined at the time of most recent indication allograft biopsy
  5. Abbreviations: ACEi angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate