Table 1 Clinical characteristics at the time of biopsy in 135 patients with DKD

Age (years)

52.13 ± 10.42

Male sex

71.9%

Smoke

32.6%

Hypertension

93.3%

Hyperuricemia

42.2%

Diabetic retinopathy

65.9%

Diabetes duration (years)

7 (3–11)

BMI (kg/m²)

24.74 ± 3.88

Systolic BP (mmHg)

157.12 ± 25.92

HbA1c (%)

7.72 ± 1.78

Total Cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.89(4.9–6.81)

Albumin (g/L)

27.67 ± 7.13

Urine protein (g/24 h)

4.52 (2.45–7.66)

Baseline eGFR (ml/min per 1.73m²)

45 (29–70)